Investigation of factors associated with low adherence to treatment of codependency in family members of psychoactive substance users

BAPTISTA, Heloisa Praça; BORTOLON, Cassandra Borges; MOREIRA, Taís de Campos; BARROS, Helena Maria Tannhauser

doi:10.1590/1982-0275202138e200023

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HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY • Estud. psicol. 38 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202138e200023 copy

Investigation of factors associated with low adherence to treatment of codependency in family members of psychoactive substance users

Investigação de fatores associados à baixa adesão ao tratamento da codependência de familiares de usuários de substâncias psicoativas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate possible factors that prevent adherence to the treatment of codependent family members of problem drug use individuals. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 133 relatives of psychoactive substances users who called the Brazilian drug hotline (Ligue 132) between 2013 and 2015, from the five regions of Brazil. The following instruments were used: General service protocol; Family assistance protocol; Holyoake Codependency Index; Behavioral Adherence Scale; and Adherence Factor Questionnaire. Univariate analysis of data was performed for categorical variables and Chi-square test for comparison between variables, with p < 0.05. The sample showed a predominance of women (91.7%), especially mothers (82.7%). Among the investigated factors, alcohol as the substance involved in the problem showed a significant association with the non-adherence to treatment through teleintervention of family members.

Keywords
Codependency; Family relations; Patient compliance; Substance-related disorders; Telemedicine

Variables		N (%)
Sex of family members (n = 133)
	Female	122 (91.7%)
	Male	11 (8.3%)
Family age (n = 127)
	= 45 years old	89 (70.1%)
	< 45 years old	38 (29.9%)
Degree of relatedness (n = 133)
	Mother	87 (65.4%)
	Father	8 (6%)
	Spouse	13 (9.8%)
	Sibling	6 (4.5%)
	Son/daughter	1 (0.8%)
	Other	18 (13.5%)
Profession (n = 128)
	Retired	16 (12.5%)
	Self-employed	14 (10.9%)
	Unemployed	11 (8.6%)
	Housewife / Househusband	32 (25%)
	Health care professional	1 (0.8%)
	Professional in other areas	54 (42.2%)
Marital state (n = 128)
	Married	71 (55.5%)
	Separated	25 (19.5%)
	Single	16 (12.5%)
	Widowed	16 (12.5%)
Family income (n = 127)
	Between 1 and 5 minimum wages	80 (63%)
	Between 5 and 10 minimum wages	34 (26.8%)
	More than 10 minimum wages	13 (10.2%)
Educational level (n = 127)
	Illiterate	1 (0.8%)
	Incomplete Elementary School	43 (33.9%)
	Incomplete High School	9 (7.1%)
	Certificate program	2 (1.6%)
	Complete Elementary School	17 (13.4%)
	Complete High School	38 (29.9%)
	Incomplete Higher Education	5 (3.9%)
	Complete Higher Education	12 (9.4%)
Family member uses drugs (n = 133)
	Yes	44 (33.1%)
	No	89 (66.9%)
Family member drinks alcohol (n = 133)
	Yes	19 (14.3%)
	No	114 (85.7%)
Family member smokes tobacco (n= 133)
	Yes	31 (23.3%)
	No	102 (76.6%)
Family member consumes cocaine (n = 133)
	Yes	1 (0.8%)
	No	132 (99.2%)
Type of health problem reported (n = 133)
	Physical	26 (29.5%)
	Psychological	46 (52.3%)
	Both	16 (18.2%)
Depression (n = 133)
	Yes	39 (53.4%)
	No	34 (46.6%)
Anxiety (n = 133)
	Yes	9 (12.3%)
	No	64 (87.7%)
Other psychological disorders (n = 133)
	Yes	9 (11.5%)
	No	69 (88.5%)
Physical problems (n = 133)
	Yes	33 (45.2%)
	No	40 (54.8%)
Use of medications (n = 133)
	Yes	67 (50.4%)
	No	66 (49.6%)
Antidepressant (n = 133)
	Yes	21 (35.6%)
	No	38 (64.4%)
Anxiolytic (n = 133)
	Yes	16 (27.1%)
	No	43 (72.9%)

Variables		Low adherence	High adherence	p
Alcohol user (n = 133)
	Yes	93	14	0.05^* * p < 0.05.
	No	26	0
Tobacco smoker (n = 133)
	Yes	73	10	0.46
	No	46	4
Cannabis (drug) smoker (n = 133)
	Yes	54	6	0.85
	No	65	8
Cocaine user (n = 133)
	Yes	46	7	0.41
	No	73	7
Crack user (n = 133)
	Yes	53	5	0.52
	No	66	9
Stopped using drugs nowadays (n = 133)
	Did not stop	60	8	0.71
	Stopped	38	4

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Núcleo de Editoração SBI - Campus II, Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n. Prédio de Odontologia, 13060-900 Campinas - São Paulo Brasil, Tel./Fax: +55 19 3343-7223 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: psychologicalstudies@puc-campinas.edu.br

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[1] Correspondence to: H.M.T. BARROS. E-mail: helenbar@ufcspa.edu.br.