Viruses represent serious obstacles for the success of producing vegetables, consisting the correct identification of those that infect cucurbits in a region, a fundamental point for establishing strategies for their control. Surveys were carried out at cucurbit fields in producing areas of the State of Maranhão. Leaf samples were collected from 118 plants showing virus like symptoms, 46 from squash (Cucurbita moschata); 30 from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus); 23 from Cucumis anguria; 13 from cucumber (C. sativus) and six from melon (C. melo). All samples were tested against antisera specific to the main virus species from the families Bromoviridae, Comoviridae and Potyviridae that infect cucurbits in Northeastern Brazil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double immunodiffusion technique. The results revealed that Papaya ringspot virus was serologically detected in 64.4% of samples analyzed, followed by Watermelon mosaic virus-2 in 15.2%, Cucumber mosaic virus in 6.8%, Squash mosaic virus in 3.4% and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in 3.4%. This survey confirmed the prevalence of PRSV in cucurbit species grown in the State of Maranhão.
