Genetic Diversity Between and Within <i>Astrocaryum acaule</i> Mart. (Arecaceae) Populations

Lima, Aline Araújo Patrício; Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes; Valente, Mágno Sávio Ferreira; Ramos, Santiago Linorio Ferreyra; Chagas, Edvan Alves; Souza, Júlio César Gonçalves de

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.005618

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 27 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.005618 copy

Genetic Diversity Between and Within Astrocaryum acaule Mart. (Arecaceae) Populations

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This article sought to assess the genetic diversity within and between natural populations of Astrocaryum acaule by means of AFLP markers. Ninety individuals were sampled in three populations located in Manaus (state of Amazonas) across regions with different intensities of anthropogenic activity. Two clusters were differentiated by means of dendrograms and Bayesian cluster analysis, the first consisting of individuals from the Tarumã-Açu population in an intensely agricultural region, and the second, of populations from UFAM and Tupé conservation areas. The physical isolation of A. acaule populations has resulted in good conservation of its genetic identity, since anthropogenic activity is an important modifier of the genetic diversity of natural populations. Genetic diversity was higher within populations (74.58%) than between them (25.42%), which means that we have to collect representative samples from each of the genetically distinct groups for genetic conservation of the species. Therefore, in situ conservation is recommended.

Keywords:
Amazonian palm; genetic resource; AFLP; population structure

Geographic Coordinates
ID	UFAM (UF)		RDS Tupé (TU)		Tarumã-Açu (TA)
ID	Latitude	Longitude	Latitude	Longitude	Latitude	Longitude
1	-03°05’44.72’’	-59°58’31.72’’	-02°59’05.36’’	-60°11’52.19’’	-02°53’24.20’’	-60°05’53.40’’
2	-03°05’42.19’’	-59°58’34.77’’	-02°59’05.49’’	-60°11’50.48’’	-02°53’25.40’’	-60°05’53.60’’
3	-03°05’41.88’’	-59°58’33.80’’	-02°58’43.24’’	-60°11’30.05’’	-02°53’23.70’’	-60°05’54.40’’
4	-03°05’42.20’’	-59°58’33.30’’	-02°58’43.64’’	-60°11’31.36’’	-02°53’23.60’’	-60°05’55.60’’
5	-03°05’42.64’’	-59°58’32.87’’	-02°59’05.52’’	-60°11’52.17’’	-02°53’23.00’’	-60°05’56.70’’
6	-03°05’42.02’’	-59°58’36.33’’	-02°59’53.90’’	-60°13’13.14’’	-02°53’23.70’’	-60°05’57.30’’
7	-03°05’42.19’’	-59°58’35.22’’	-02°59’26.40’’	-60°13’28.24’’	-02°53’23.90’’	-60°05’53.80’’
8	-03°05’41.74’’	-59°58’38.19’’	-02°59’26.08’’	-60°13’27.94’’	-02°53’23.50’’	-60°05’58.70’’
9	-03°05’42.07’’	-59°58’35.88’’	-02°59’26.42’’	-60°13’28.40’’	-02°53’23.40’’	-60°05’59.20’’
10	-03°05’43.27’’	-59°58’31.58’’	-03°00’25.13’’	-60°12’54.22’’	-02°53’23.10’’	-60°05’59.50’’
11	-03°05’43.02’’	-59°58’31.91’’	-03°00’24.82’’	-60°12’53.82’’	-02°53’24.80’’	-60°05’58.60’’
12	-03°05’44.03’’	-59°58’31.33’’	-03°00’18.22’’	-60°12’54.02’’	-02°53’25.20’’	-60°05’58.70’’
13	-03°05’43.56’’	-59°58’31.56’’	-03°00’20.68’’	-60°12’19.64’’	-02°53’24.20’’	-60°05’58.50’’
14	-03°05’42.67’’	-59°58’32.83’’	-03°00’26.21’’	-60°12’38.53’’	-02°53’26.30’’	-60°05’57.60’’
15	-03°05’42.94’’	-59°58’32.16’’	-03°00’24.68’’	-60°12’46.43’’	-02°53’26.90’’	-60°05’56.90’’
16	-03°05’42.18’’	-59°58’33.30’’	-03°00’23.87’’	-60°12’51.36’’	-02°53’27.70’’	-60°05’57.00’’
17	-03°05’56.17’’	-59°58’12.98’’	-03°00’02.47’’	-60°13’06.60’’	-02°53’28.20’’	-60°05’56.50’’
18	-03°05’56.79’’	-59°58’11.51’’	-02°59’53.90’’	-60°13’13.14’’	-02°53’28.90’’	-60°05’56.20’’
19	-03°05’41.77’’	-59°58’37.10’’	-02°59’41.62’’	-60°13’22.68’’	-02°53’29.60’’	-60°05’54.80’’
20	-03°05’56.16’’	-59°58’11.41’’	-02°59’30.59’’	-60°13’30.91’’	-02°53’30.10’’	-60°05’51.10’’
21	-03°05’43.79’’	-59°58’32.18’’	-02°59’26.58’’	-60°13’28.11’’	-02°53’30.30’’	-60°05’53.90’’
22	-03°05’55.92’’	-59°58’15.21’’	-02°59’26.40’’	-60°13’28.24’’	-02°53’30.80’’	-60°05’53.40’’
23	-03°05’55.75’’	-59°58’13.25’’	-03°00’25.10’’	-60°12’54.20’’	-02°53’29.00’’	-60°05’53.30’’
24	-03°05’42.65’’	-59°58’34.18’’	-03°00’25.14’’	-60°12’54.20’’	-02°53’28.80’’	-60°05’52.70’’
25	-03°05’43.45’’	-59°58’32.12’’	-03°00’25.05’’	-60°12’54.20’’	-02°53’30.20’’	-60°05’52.60’’
26	-03°05’41.74’’	-59°58’38.19’’	-03°00’25.28’’	-60°12’54.49’’	-02°53’30.70’’	-60°05’52.70’’
27	-03°05’41.97’’	-59°58’39.01’’	-03°00’25.24’’	-60°12’54.67’’	-02°53’30.60’’	-60°05’54.50’’
28	-03°05’56.58’’	-59°58’11.88’’	-03°00’24.82’’	-60°12’53.82’’	-02°53’30.80’’	-60°05’54.10’’
29	-03°05’55.80’’	-59°58’14.12’’	-03°00’18.17’’	-60°12’53.56’’	-02°53’32.00’’	-60°05’52.50’’
30	-03°05’56.20’’	-59°58’12.68’’	-03°00’20.68’’	-60°12’19.64’’	-02°53’27.70’’	-60°05’52.90’’

Oligonucleotide combinations	Total loci	Polymorphic loci	Polymorphism (%)	Size range (Pb)
E+ACA/M+CGC	60	59	98.33	50 - 500
E+AAC/M+CAC	72	72	100.00
E+AAC/M+CGA	68	67	98.53
Total	200	198	99.00	-

Population	N	P(%)	He	I
UFAM	30	84.85%	0.2012 (± 0.0117)	0.3222 (± 0.0162)
Tupé	30	83.33%	0.1864 (± 0.0112)	0.3034 (± 0.0156)
Tarumã-Açu	30	85.86%	0.2169 (± 0.0123)	0.3413 (± 0.0169)
Species	90	100.00%	0.2363 (± 0.1385)	0.3819 (± 0.1819)

Source of Variation	GL	Mean Square	Component of Variance	% of Variation
Among Populations	2	296.3778	8.9991**	25.42
Within de Populations	87	26.4034	26.4034**	74.58
Total	89	32.4703	35.4025	100.00
Fst = 0.2542

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[1] Correspondence to Mágno Valente Av. Onça Pintada, s/n, CEP 69735-000, Presidente Figueiredo, AM, Brasil e-mail: magnosavio@yahoo.com.br