Phenological Analysis of Gymnanthes Klotzschiana Müll.Arg Belonging to Two Atlantic Forest Biome Formations

Abstract

Gymnanthes klotzschiana is a tree native to the Atlantic Forest Biome. The objective of this study was to analyze the synchronization of five phenophases and their correlation with environmental factors during two years of survey in two distinct areas (Area 1: Mixed Alluvial Ombrophilous Forest; Area 2: Montane Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest). Ten individuals were randomly selected in each area, with the following variables being studied: leaf fall and budding, flowering, and immature and ripe fruit production. The activity index and the intensity index were determined for each phenological event. Timing and interactions with environmental factors were tested using Spearman’s correlation. The photoperiod correlated with all phenophases and precipitation did not correlate with any. There was synchronization in the foliar fall and foliage in the two areas. The species can be characterized as semi-deciduous. Flowering and fruiting were annual, with the highest intensity of fruit production occurring in Area 1.

Keywords:
phenophases; environmental factors; activity index; Fournier index