Phenology of <i>Copernicia alba</i> in Flooded and Not Flooded Environments

Araujo, Maicon Marinho Vieira; Lobo, Francisco de Almeida

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.097917

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Silviculture • Floresta Ambient. 27 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.097917 copy

Phenology of Copernicia alba in Flooded and Not Flooded Environments

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study is to describe the reproductive and vegetative phenological patterns of individuals of Copernicia alba, popularly known as “carandá,” in two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and to test the relations between their phenophases and climatic seasonality. We obtained the phenological aspects of the carandá through a biweekly observation of 22 individuals from two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso between August 2015 and August 2017. The carandá population presented a perennial behavior, flowering during the dry season and greater leaf intensity in the transition period to the rainy season. Budding, although continuous, was intense in the rainy season, and the leaf deciduous pattern had a direct interference from the absence of rainfalls in the dry period. The incidence of floral buds occurred in the dry period, and the flowering occurred between the dry and rainy periods. The fruiting period occurred in the rainy season, indicating a high synchronism of phenophases.

Keywords:
carandá; flowering; fructification; phenophases

Climate variables	Fortnight	Leaf loss		Budding
Climate variables	Fortnight	Activity	Fournier	Activity	Fournier
T °C	1º	ns	0.664	ns	Ns
	2º	ns	0.648	ns	Ns
	3º	ns	0.599	ns	− 0.256
	4º	ns	0.545	ns	− 0.283
Rainfall	1º	ns	− 0.404	ns	Ns
	2º	ns	− 0.435	ns	Ns
	3º	ns	− 0.361	ns	Ns
	4º	ns	− 0.400	ns	Ns
RH%	1º	ns	− 0.260	ns	Ns
	2º	ns	− 0.288	ns	Ns
	3º	ns	− 0.325	ns	Ns
	4º	ns	ns	ns	Ns
Wind speed	1º	ns	ns	ns	Ns
	2º	ns	ns	ns	Ns
	3º	ns	ns	ns	Ns
	4º	ns	ns	ns	Ns
Radiation	1º	ns	0.498	ns	Ns
	2º	ns	0.574	ns	Ns
	3º	ns	0.597	ns	Ns
	4º	ns	0.540	ns	Ns

Climate variables	Fortnight	Floral Buttons		Open flowers		Unripe fruits		Ripe fruits
Climate variables	Fortnight	Activ.	Fournier	Activ.	Fournier	Activ.	Fournier	Activ.	Fournier
T °C	1º	0.144	0.160	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.611
	2º	0.156	0.172	0.444	0.468	ns	ns	ns	0.601
	3º	0.207	0.223	0.436	0.46	ns	ns	ns	0.566
	4º	0.256	0.272	0.488	0.512	0.388	0.499	ns	0.567
Rainfall	1º	0.488	0.504	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	2º	0.482	0.498	ns	0.278	ns	ns	ns	ns
	3º	0.488	0.504	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	4º	0.501	0.517	0.187	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.198
RH%	1º	0.417	0.433	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.398
	2º	0.499	0.515	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.301
	3º	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	4º	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Wind speed	1º	− 0.209	− 0.309	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	2º	− 0.251	− 0.351	ns	ns	ns	0.201	ns	ns
	3º	ns	ns	ns	ns	0.477	0.469	ns	ns
	4º	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Radiation	1º	− 0.502	− 0.414	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	2º	− 0.477	− 0.389	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	3º	ns	ns	− 0.333	− 0.354	ns	ns	ns	ns
	4º	ns	ns	− 0.387	− 0.837	ns	ns	ns	ns

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TOMaicon Marinho Vieira Araujo Universidade de Cuiabá (UNIC), Av. Manoel José de Arruda, 3.100, CEP 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil e-mail: maiconmarinho@outlook.com