Structure of AMF Community in an Agroforestry System of Coffee and Macauba Palm

Prates Júnior, Paulo; Moreira, Sandro Lucio Silva; Jordão, Thuany Cerqueira; Ngolo, Aristides Osvaldo; Moreira, Bruno Coutinho; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves; Kasuya, Maria Catarina Megumi

doi:10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2021-0013

Paulo Prates Júnior

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

* Both authors contributed equally to this work.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1027-6150

Sandro Lucio Silva Moreira

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

* Both authors contributed equally to this work.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-6284

Thuany Cerqueira Jordão

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

Aristides Osvaldo Ngolo

Centro Nacional de Investigação Científica (CNIC), Luanda, Angola.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-9955

Bruno Coutinho Moreira

Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Colegiado de Engenharia Agronômica, Petrolina, PE, Brasil.

Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Agronomia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

Raphael Bragança Alves Fernandes

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

Maria Catarina Megumi Kasuya

Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9539-9370

CORRESPONDENCEMaria Catarina Megumi Kasuya Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, (UFV), 36570- 900, Viçosa, MG e-mail: mkasuya@ufv.br

*
Both authors contributed equally to this work.

Associate editor: Eduardo Vinicius da Silva http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-0624

Figures (3)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Sketch of the experimental area, indicating the treatments, with macauba with high (H) and, low density (L) and coffee near (L1) or distant (L2) from macauba and in full-sun (control = C).

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Figure 2
Dendrogram of AMF community obtained by the Cosine coefficient-UPGMA in the bands obtained by PCR-DGGE to evaluate the similarity of agroforestry system of coffee considering coffee planted close to (L1) and distant (L2) from macauba palm plants in high (H) and low (L) density, and with full-sun coffee crop (control = C), in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers of soil from macauba. R = repetition.

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Figure 3
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on PCR-DGGE profiles for the AMF community, soil chemical attributes and microclimate variations in agroforestry system of coffee with macauba in high (green), in low (blue) macauba plant densities and in full-sun coffee (control = red), in two different soil layers: 0-20 cm (empty color) and 20-40 cm (cross-line). Distances from coffee plants to macauba represent the close to (L1 - triangle), and far from (L2 - square) distance; and control treatment (circle). SB = Sum of exchangeable bases; T = cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0; t = cation exchange capacity; V = bases saturation index; m = aluminum saturation index; OM = organic matter; P-rem = P-remaining; soil moisture; Soil temp = soil temperature; Max air = maximum air temperature; Min air = minimum air temperature; Aver air = average air temperature; Shading = percentage of shading; PAR = photosynthetically active radiation.

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Table 1
Soil chemical characterization from agroforestry system coffee with macauba planted in high (H) and low (L) densities, close (L1) and distant (L2) from the palms, and from full-sun cultivated coffee (control = C).

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Table 2
Edaphoclimatic attributes evaluated for coffee agroforestry system with macauba palm in two different soil layers (0-20 and 20-40 cm), in high (H) or low (L) macauba densities, and coffee in full-sun (control = C), and grown close to (L1) and far (L2) from palms.

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Table 3
Diversity indexes for OTU of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) obtained by the PCR-DGGE in agroforestry system of coffee and macauba palm, in high (H) or low (L) macauba densities, and coffee in full-sun (control = C), grown close to (L1) and far (L2) from palms.

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Table 4
Productivity of coffee plants in the agroforestry system with macaubas and in full-sun cultivation (C).

	pH (H2O)	P	K	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Al³⁺	H +Al	SB	CEC (t)	CEC (T)	V	m	OM	P-rem
		mg dm^-3		cmol_c dm^-3							%		dag/kg	mg/L
Treat				0-20 cm
C	4.65	1.10	85.00	0.74	0.35	0.49	4.20	1.31	1.80	5.51	23.80	27.20	1.39	22.40
HL1	4.75	2.30	47.00	2.76	0.73	0.10	5.20	3.61	3.71	8.81	41.00	2.70	2.41	26.90
HL2	5.79	1.30	142.50	2.32	0.76	0.00	4.10	3.44	3.44	7.54	45.70	0.00	1.71	26.15
LL1	5.28	1.50	55.00	2.35	0.79	0.10	3.70	3.28	3.38	6.98	47.00	3.00	1.90	26.80
LL2	5.39	1.40	146.50	2.11	0.64	0.15	4.70	3.07	3.22	7.77	39.30	5.00	2.16	26.60
20-40 cm
C	5.19	0.50	21.00	0.69	0.31	0.39	3.20	1.05	1.44	4.25	24.70	27.10	1.14	27.70
HL1	5.60	0.90	31.00	2.12	0.59	0.00	3.70	2.79	2.79	6.49	43.00	0.00	1.65	26.20
HL2	5.73	0.95	35.00	1.83	0.55	0.00	2.70	2.47	2.47	5.17	47.75	0.00	1.20	21.20
LL1	5.75	1.00	45.00	1.96	0.63	0.00	3.90	2.71	2.71	6.61	41.00	0.00	1.39	27.30
LL2	5.64	0.45	32.00	1.49	0.53	0.05	2.35	2.10	2.15	4.45	47.15	2.55	0.83	24.05

	Soil moisture (m³ m^-3)		Soil temperature (ºC)		Air temperature (ºC)			Shading %	PAR μmolm⁻² s⁻¹
Treatments	0-20 cm	20-40 cm	0-20 cm	20-40 cm	Max	Min	Mean
C	0.214	0.158	17.20	18.03	31.51	9.77	20.64	2.10	1,760.33
H L1	0.159	0.153	18.27	18.93	27.02	10.36	18.69	55.90	543.33
H L2	0.198	0.234	18.10	18.65	28.67	10.58	19.63	30.10	1,693.00
L L1	0.196	0.134	18.36	18.50	26.55	10.90	18.73	57.62	439.33
L L2	0.219	0.186	18.38	18.64	29.65	10.94	20.30	30.10	1,724.33

Soil depth (0-20 cm)
Treatment	Richness	Dominance	Simpson	Shannon	Chao
C	2.66	0.41	0.58	0.92	5.33
HL1	10.00 a*	0.10	0.90	2.30*	55.00 a*
HL2	3.33 b	0.36	0.63	1.06	6.33 b
LL1	5.33 ab	0.27	0.72	1.50	21.00 ab
LL2	6.00 ab	0.20	0.79	1.71	23.33 ab
CV % (Tukey' test)	35.96	57.21	17.38	30.11	50.85
CV % (Dunnett's test)	39.47	52.44	19.36	33.46	57.61
Soil depth (20-40 cm)
Treatment	Richness	Dominance	Simpson	Shannon	Chao
C	5.33	0.25	0.74	1.50	22.33
HL1	4.66	0.22	0.77	1.52	13.66
HL2	5.66	0.21	0.78	1.63	22.00
LL1	6.66	0.16	0.83	1.84	27.66
LL2	3.33	0.34	0.65	1.13	8.00
CV % (Tukey' test)	43.25	43.53	13.55	28.05	79.43
CV % (Dunnett's test)	53.44	48.24	15.32	33.86	97.22

	Coffee yield (kg/plant)
Treatment	2013	2014	Mean 2013/2014
C	0.185 a	0.299 b	0.242 c
HL1	0.178 a	0.277 b	0.228 c
HL2	0.159 ab	0.837 a	0.498 a
LL1	0.183 a	0.221 b	0.202 c
LL2	0.087 b	0.707 a	0.397 b
CV %	24.01	13.63	6.88

[1] CORRESPONDENCEMaria Catarina Megumi Kasuya Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, (UFV), 36570- 900, Viçosa, MG e-mail: mkasuya@ufv.br

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Structure of AMF Community in an Agroforestry System of Coffee and Macauba Palm

Abstract