Community Ecology of Soil Fauna Under Periodically Flooded Forest and Anthropic Fields

Santos, Raíssa Nascimento dos; Cabreira, Wilbert Valkinir; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Souza, Rodrigo Camara de; Lima, Sandra Santana de; Louzada, Marco Aurelio Passos; Santos, Gilsonley Lopes dos; Silva, Ana Caroline Rodrigues da

doi:10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 28 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-FLORAM-2020-0052 copy

Community Ecology of Soil Fauna Under Periodically Flooded Forest and Anthropic Fields

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The study evaluated the ecology of soil invertebrate faunal communities in periodically flooded forest (CF) fragments and anthropic fields (AF) in the Atlantic Forest. The sampling occurred in the rainy and dry seasons using pitfall traps. We estimated the total activity, richness, diversity, and evenness as well as the activity of the taxonomic and functional groups. Total activity and richness varied as a function of seasonality. Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona were the most representative taxonomic groups. Enchytraeidae and Blattaria were exclusive to CF. Auchenorrhyncha, Chilopoda, Heteroptera, and Thysanoptera were exclusive to AF. The functional group of microphagous/saprophagous (M/S) showed the highest activity, independent of the environment and season. Greater dissimilarity was observed among the invertebrate fauna in AF when compared to CF. Periodically flooded areas favored groups from the saprophagous trophic guild, while AF areas favored predator and herbivore groups. Soil fauna present in forest environments presented less seasonal variability.

Keywords:
Tabebuia cassinoides; Conservation Unit; hydromorphism; pitfall trap

Study area	pH	Ca⁺²	Mg⁺²	Al⁺³	H+Al	K	P	TOC	Sand*	Silt*	Clay*	Humidity
Study area	H₂0	--------cmolc dm^-3----------				-mg dm^-3-			-----------g kg^-1-------------			%
CF	4.5	3.7	2.3	1.7	15.4	134.3	7.7	114.3	-	-	-	119.0
AF	4.8	1.4	1.6	1.0	3.9	64.4	5.4	16.6	530.7	140.7	322.	24.3

Functional group	Taxonomic group
Predator	Araneae, Chilopoda, Hymenoptera, Opilionidae
Saprophagous	Blattaria, Enchytraeidae, Isopoda, Psocoptera, Diplopoda, Thysanura
Herbivorous	Auchenorrhyncha, Diptera, Heteroptera, Orthoptera, Sternorrhyncha
Microphagous/Saprophagous	Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, Symphypleona
Saprophagous/Predator	Acari, Coleoptera, Formicidae, Isoptera, Coleoptera larvae, Diptera larvae, Lepidoptera larvae, Thysanoptera

Season	Activity	Richness	H’	J
Tabebuia cassinoides forest
Rainy	6.55± 1.16 a	7.27± 0.17 a	2.54± 0.09 a	0.67± 0.02 a
Dry	4.48± 0.89 a	7.10± 0.88 a	2.42± 0.06 a	0.65± 0.02 a
Anthropic field
Rainy	26.94± 6.32 a	9.45± 0.68 a	2.46± 0.05 a	0.61± 0.01 a
Dry	8.68± 2.04 b	7.08± 0.33 b	2.07± 0.14 a	0.57± 0.04 a

Taxonomic group	CF	AF	CF	AF
Taxonomic group	Rainy season		Dry season
Acari	0.23± 0.08	4.24± 1.02	0.35± 0.14	2.78± 0.57
Araneae	0.19± 0.07	0.20± 0.06	0.24± 0.08	0.15± 0.04
Auchenorrhyncha	-	0.21± 0.08	-	0.03± 0.01
Blattaria	0.01± 0.01	-	-	-
Chilopoda	-	-	-	0.01± 0.01
Coleoptera	0.10± 0.05	0.19± 0.04	0.16± 0.06	0.08± 0.03
Diplopoda		0.22± 0.08	0.01± 0.01	0.02± 0.01
Diptera	0.36± 0.14	0.42± 0.12	0.06± 0.03	0.15± 0.06
Enchytraeidae	0.03± 0.02	-	0.01± 0.01	-
Entomobryomorpha	1.63± 0.40	8.73± 1.74	2.37± 0.47	4.37± 0.08
Formicidae	0.64± 0.20	1.92± 0.40	0.14± 0.06	1.31± 0.30
Heteroptera	-	0.03± 0.02	-	0.02± 0.01
Hymenoptera	0.04± 0.03	0.07± 0.02	0.07± 0.04	0.23± 0.03
Isopoda	0.05± 0.03	0.01± 0.01	-	0.10± 0.03
Isoptera	0.01± 0.01	0.01± 0.01	-	-
Coleoptera larvae	0.03± 0.02	0.01± 0.01	0.06± 0.03	-
Diptera larvae	-	-	0.13± 0.10	0.01± 0.01
Lepidoptera larvae	0.01± 0.01	0.01± 0.01	-	0.02± 0.01
Oligochaeta	0.01± 0.01	0.01± 0.01	-	-
Opilionidae	-	-	0.03± 0.02	0.01± 0.01
Orthoptera	0.03± 0.02	0.10± 0.03	0.04± 0.04	0.04± 0.02
Poduromorpha	2.32± 0.67	6.87± 2.23	0.42± 0.16	3.10± 1.19
Psocoptera	-	-	0.01± 0.01	0.01± 0.01
Sternorrhyncha	0.04± 0.03	0.19± 0.03	0.04± 0.03	0.01± 0.01
Symphypleona	0.82± 0.41	10.74± 1.99	0.26± 0.18	0.13± 0.06
Thysanoptera	0.01± 0.01	0.14± 0.03	0.01± 0.01	0.01± 0.01
Thysanura	-	0.10± 0.01	-	-

Functional group	CF		AF
Functional group	Rainy season	Dry season	Rainy season	Dry season
S/P	1.03 ± 0.36 Ba	0.72 ± 0.30 Ba	6.53 ± 2.02 Ba	4.21 ± 1.22 Aa
M/S	4.77 ± 1.48 Aa	3.05 ± 0.81 Aa	26.35 ± 7.95 Aa	7.59 ± 2.74 Ab
P	0.23 ± 0.09 Ba	0.34 ± 0.14 Ba	0.27 ± 0.11 Ba	0.40 ± 0.11 Ba
S	0.10 ± 0.07 Ba	0.12 ± 0.20 Ba	0.24 ± 0.12 Ba	0.13 ± 0.07 Ba
H	0.43 ± 0.19 Ba	0.14 ± 0.10 Ba	0.95 ± 0.38 Ba	0.24 ± 0.15 Ba

Study area	Coordinate 1	Coordinate 2
CF rainy	-0.13± 0.09 c	0.03± 0.04 a
AF rainy	0.28± 0.08 a	0.10± 0.01 a
CF dry	-0.28± 0.04 c	0.01± 0.12 a
AF dry	0.13± 0.04 b	-0.14± 0.11 a

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TOMarcos Gervasio Pereira Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Solos, BR 465 km 7, CEP 23897-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil E-mail: mgervasiopereira01@gmail.com