Metals Phytoextraction by Cordia africana from Soils Contaminated with Oil Drilling Waste

Amaral Sobrinho, Nelson Moura Brasil do; Andrade, André Fernão Martins de; Lima, Erica Souto Abreu; Zonta, Everaldo; Magalhães, Márcio Osvaldo Lima

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.085217

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 27 (1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.085217 copy

Metals Phytoextraction by Cordia africana from Soils Contaminated with Oil Drilling Waste

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Oil exploration and production generate large quantities of waste, which may contain contaminants such as barium and lead. Therefore, more studies aimed at decreasing the levels of heavy metals in contaminated sites, using methods such as phytoremediation, are needed. In a preliminary assay, samples of soil contaminated with oil drilling waste were incubated with different concentrations (2 or 6 mmol L^-1) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Subsequently, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of the tree Cordia africana. EDTA induced mobilization and translocation of lead, manganese, and iron into the C. africana leaves but had no effect on barium. The quantity of heavy metal contaminants accumulated in the plant vegetative parts showed that C. africana cannot be used as a phytoextractor for the tested metals; however, it can be used as a phytostabilizer.

Keywords:
contamination; phytoremediation; heavy metals; EDTA

Treatments	Dry weight (grams per pot)
Treatments	Leaves	Stems	Root	Shoot	Whole plant
Control	15.73^NS (± 0.6)	25.40^NS (± 3.0)	31.53^NS (± 35.0)	41.13^NS (± 2.8)	113.79A (± 4.7)
2 mmol L^-1 EDTA	15.79NS (± 1.5)	25.22 ^NS (± 2.1)	26.95 ^NS (± 2.9)	41.01^NS (± 2.0)	108.97 AB ( ± 2.9)
6 mmol L^-1 EDTA	12.22NS (± 2.3)	20.55^NS (± 2.7)	24.05^NS (± 3.1)	33.77^NS (± 4.1)	90.59 B (± 6.8)

Metal	Leaves			Stems			Roots
Metal	0	2	6	0	2	6	0	2	6
Ba	583^NS (± 77.8)	602^NS (± 0.0)	515^NS (± 0.0)	178^NS (± 0.0)	205^NS (± 0.0)	234^NS (± 0.0)	319B (± 0.0)	517AB (± 0.0)	597A (± 0.0)
Pb	nd	207A (± 0.0)	183A (± 0.0)	nd	2.1B (± 0.0)	32A (± 0.0)	37B (± 0.0)	48B (± 0.0)	100A (± 0.0)
Fe	403B (± 113.4)	627B (± 0.0)	2029A (± 0.0)	80A (± 0.0)	54B (± 0.0)	94A (± 0.0)	4297^NS (± 0.0)	4063^NS (± 0.0)	3057^NS (± 0.0)
Mn	126B (± 18.3)	178B (± 60.4)	472A (± 200.9)	9B (± 0.7)	7B (± 0.8)	43A (± 23.8)	153B (± 35.0)	98B (± 2.0)	221A (± 40.0)

Metal	Leaves			Stems			Roots
Metal	0	2	6	0	2	6	0	2	6
Ba	9.2A (± 1.3)	9.5A (± 0.5)	6.8B (± 1.4)	4.3^NS (± 2.4)	5.1^NS (± 2.5)	5.3^NS (± 1.2)	9.7B (± 1.9)	13.9A (± 2.0)	15.5A (± 1.6)
Pb	nd	3.3A (± 0.6)	2.3A (± 0.4)	nd	0.05^NS (± 0.0)	0.73^NS (± 0.9)	1.12^NS (± 0.5)	1.27^NS (± 0.2)	2.5^NS (± 1.3)
Fe	6.4B (± 2.0)	10B (± 3.4)	25A (± 7.4)	2.0A (± 0.2)	1.4B (± 0.2)	2.1A (± 0.2)	134A (± 24.5)	108AB (± 15.1)	79B (± 13.7)
Mn	2.B (± 0.4)	2.8B (± 0.9)	6.0A (± 1.6)	0.2B (± 0.0)	0.2B (± 0.0)	1.0A (± 0.6)	4.9A (± 1.3)	2.7B (± 0.3)	5.7A (± 0.9)

EDTA	Ba	Pb	Fe	Mn
(mmol L^-1)	---------------------------------------------- % --------------------------------------------
0	39.5 (± 11.2)	0.0 (± 0.0)	4.5 (± 1.4)	28.1 (± 9.0)
2	33.3 (± 4.2)	71.2 (± 5.6)	8.3 (± 3.0)	49.7 (± 9.7)
6	24.6 (± 4.6)	41.9 (± 7.7)	23.8 (± 8.0)	47.0 (± 7.5)

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TOErica Souto Abreu Lima Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, km 7, s/n, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil e-mail: ericaabreulima@gmail.com