Effect of Leaf Quality on Herbivory of Three Atlantic Forest Species

Nascimento, Aline Alves do; Luiz, Jefferson Cabral; Vega, Maria Raquel Garcia; Villela, Dora Maria; Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.081017

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Original Article, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 26 (4) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.081017 linkcopy

Effect of Leaf Quality on Herbivory of Three Atlantic Forest Species

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The present study evaluated the relationship between herbivory and leaf quality of three abundant tree species (Cupania oblongifolia Mart., Siparuna guianensis Aubl. and Xylopia sericea St. Hill.) in the understory of a eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent Atlantic Rainforest fragment. Herbivory differed among species, since X. sericea was less attacked, while C. oblongifolia and S. guianensis were more. The species showed similar herbivory patterns between the investigated areas (eucalyptus plantation versus forest), although X. sericea showed higher herbivory rates in the forest fragment. Fiber values (NDF, CEL and LIG) varied significantly among the species, being lower in S. guianensis. X. sericea, the species with the highest C/N ratio, higher concentrations of total phenols, smaller leaf area and higher trichome density, showed the lowest leaf herbivory rates, corroborating the hypothesis that herbivory is lower in species with lower nutritional quality and a greater set of leaf defense features.

Keywords:
defenses; insect-plant interactions; leaf nutrients

Authorship

person Aline Alves do Nascimento

schoolLaboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (Uenf), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroBrazilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (Uenf), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil

0000-0001-8031-6600

person Jefferson Cabral Luiz

0000-0003-4723-5272

person Maria Raquel Garcia Vega

schoolLaboratorio de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Uenf, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrasilUenfBrazilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilLaboratorio de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Uenf, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil

0000-0003-2152-9061

person Dora Maria Villela

0000-0002-3507-0186

person Marcelo Trindade Nascimento

0000-0003-4492-3344

CORRESPONDENCE TO Aline Alves do Nascimento Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia. Av. Alberto Lamego, 2.000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil e-mail:
line.uenf@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (Uenf), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroBrazilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Ciências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (Uenf), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil

Laboratorio de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Uenf, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrasilUenfBrazilCampos dos Goytacazes, RJ, BrazilLaboratorio de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Uenf, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil

Figures | Tables

Figures (5)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1 Leaf herbivory values (%) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus stand (euc) for the first (A) and second (B) leaf samplings.The boxplots represent the median values, 1^st and 3^rd quartiles, extreme values and outlier. Different letters represent significant differences between species within each site (Kruskal-Wallis, p ≤ 0.05) and different numbers represent significant differences within each species between sites (Mann-Whitney test, p ≤ 0.05, n = 15).

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Figure 2 Total leaf area (means and standard deviation) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus stand (euc) regarding leaves from the first sampling.Different letters represent significant differences between species within each site and different numbers represent significant differences within each species between sites (factorial Anova, p ≤ 0.05, n = 15).

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Figure 3 Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) percentages and C/N ratios (means ± standard deviation) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus sites (euc). Different letters represent significant differences between species within site and different numbers represent significant differences within species between sites (factorial Anova, p ≤ 0.05, n = 3).

Thumbnail

Figure 4 Fiber concentrations (%) and total phenol (µg/mL) (means ± standard deviation) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus stand (euc).Fiber components: neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose (CEL) and lignin (LIG). TP: total phenol. Different letters represent significant differences between species within each site and different numbers represent significant differences within species between sites (factorial Anova, p < 0.05, n = 3).

Thumbnail

Figure 5 Biplot of the principal component analysis (PCA) for Siparuna guianensis (Sip_gui), Cupania oblongifolia (Cup_obl) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl_ser) sampled from the forest fragment (1) and eucalyptus stand (2). Projection of species (a) and variables (b) in relation to axes 1 and 2. NDF: neutral detergent fiber; CEL: cellulose; LIG: lignin; C: carbon; N: nitrogen; TP: total phenols; LA: leaf area.

Thumbnail

Table 1 Correlation coefficients between the investigated variables and eigenvectors of the principal component analysis (PCA) regarding the species sampled from the forest fragment and eucalyptus stand.

imageFigure 1 Leaf herbivory values (%) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus stand (euc) for the first (A) and second (B) leaf samplings.The boxplots represent the median values, 1^st and 3^rd quartiles, extreme values and outlier. Different letters represent significant differences between species within each site (Kruskal-Wallis, p ≤ 0.05) and different numbers represent significant differences within each species between sites (Mann-Whitney test, p ≤ 0.05, n = 15). open_in_new

imageFigure 2 Total leaf area (means and standard deviation) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus stand (euc) regarding leaves from the first sampling.Different letters represent significant differences between species within each site and different numbers represent significant differences within each species between sites (factorial Anova, p ≤ 0.05, n = 15). open_in_new

imageFigure 3 Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) percentages and C/N ratios (means ± standard deviation) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus sites (euc). Different letters represent significant differences between species within site and different numbers represent significant differences within species between sites (factorial Anova, p ≤ 0.05, n = 3). open_in_new

imageFigure 4 Fiber concentrations (%) and total phenol (µg/mL) (means ± standard deviation) for Cupania oblongifolia (Cup), Siparuna guianensis (Sip) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl) sampled from the forest (for) and the eucalyptus stand (euc).Fiber components: neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose (CEL) and lignin (LIG). TP: total phenol. Different letters represent significant differences between species within each site and different numbers represent significant differences within species between sites (factorial Anova, p < 0.05, n = 3). open_in_new

imageFigure 5 Biplot of the principal component analysis (PCA) for Siparuna guianensis (Sip_gui), Cupania oblongifolia (Cup_obl) and Xylopia sericea (Xyl_ser) sampled from the forest fragment (1) and eucalyptus stand (2). Projection of species (a) and variables (b) in relation to axes 1 and 2. NDF: neutral detergent fiber; CEL: cellulose; LIG: lignin; C: carbon; N: nitrogen; TP: total phenols; LA: leaf area. open_in_new

table_chartTable 1 Correlation coefficients between the investigated variables and eigenvectors of the principal component analysis (PCA) regarding the species sampled from the forest fragment and eucalyptus stand.

Variables	Correlation coefficients of the axes
Variables	1	2
NDF	−0.73	−0.64
CEL	−0.91**	0.39
LIG	−0.38	−0.92**
C	0.43	−0.87*
N	0.93**	0.06
C/N	−0.87*	−0.38
TP	−0.97***	0.01
LA	0.66	−0.69
Total % of explained variance	59%	35%

NDF: neutral detergent fiber; CEL: cellulose; LIG: lignin; C: carbon; N: nitrogen; TP: total phenols; LA: leaf area.
Transformation of leaf traits. *: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01; ***: p ≤ 0.001.

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[TFN1] NDF: neutral detergent fiber; CEL: cellulose; LIG: lignin; C: carbon; N: nitrogen; TP: total phenols; LA: leaf area.

[TFN2] Transformation of leaf traits. *: p ≤ 0.05; **: p ≤ 0.01; ***: p ≤ 0.001.