Growth of <i>Eremanthus erythropappus</i> (DC.) MacLeish in Different Planting Spacings

Páscoa, Kalill José Viana da; Scolforo, José Roberto Soares; Ferraz Filho, Antonio Carlos; Altoé, Thiza Falqueto; Gomide, Lucas Rezende

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.083417

Original Article, Forest Management • Floresta Ambient. 26 (2) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.083417 linkcopy

Growth of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish in Different Planting Spacings

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish submitted to different planting spacing and growth modelling based on the diameter and crown area projection, as well as to identify the best management strategy to be applied to control the competition, period and intensity of thinning. The evaluated planting spacings were: 1.5 × 1.5 m; 1.5 × 2.0 m; 1.5 × 2.5 m and 1.5 × 3.0 m. Diametric growth modelling in function of the age and crown area projection according to the mixed models methodology was efficient and the individual tree modelling allowed for defining a correct thinning prescription for tree plantations in relation to the percentage of removal needed at each spacing, thus permitting the trees to grow free from competition and produce trees with larger diameters.

Keywords:
Individual tree models; forest management; thinning schedule

Treatment		n	DBH_mean	SD_DBH	HT_mean	SD_HT	CA_mean	SD_CA
1.5 x 1.5 m	Without pruning	164	6.5	1.94	5.1	0.56	2.6	1.66
1.5 x 1.5 m	With pruning	143	7.2	1.99	5.3	0.61	2.5	1.65
1.5 x 2.0 m	Without pruning	160	7.6	2.35	5.3	0.57	3.0	1.82
1.5 x 2.0 m	With pruning	130	7.7	2.56	5.3	0.73	3.2	1.87
1.5 x 2.5 m	Without pruning	177	7.9	2.49	5.1	0.60	4.0	2.31
1.5 x 2,5 m	With pruning	171	8.1	2.33	5.3	0.66	3.6	1.91
1.5 x 3.0 m	Without pruning	176	8.6	2.32	5.2	0.53	4.7	2.49
1.5 x 3.0 m	With pruning	177	8.4	2.41	5.1	0.59	3.9	1.88

Source of variation	DF		MS
Source of variation	DF	DBH	HT	CA
Spacing	3	13.6*	0.08	13.39*
Block	3	0.79	0.59	0.24
Error 1	9	1.68	0.3	0.57
Pruning	1	11.02*	0.94	7.74*
Spacing × Pruning	3	2.14	0.41	1.19*
Error 2	12	1.45	0.22	0.27
Age	15(6)	175.46*	59.99*	8.49*
Age × Spacing	45(8)	0.59*	0.01	0.31*
Age × Pruning	15(6)	0.43*	0.04*	0.25
Age × Spacing × Pruning	45(18)	0.09	0.01	0.05
Error 3	360 (144)	0.12	0.02	0.14
Corrected total	511 (223)

Model	DF	Random effect	AIC	BIC	Log Lik
1	10	β₀. β₁ e β₂	183507.3	183595.4	-91743.66
2	7	β₁ e β₂	183501.3	183563.0	-91743.66
3	5	β₂	184890.6	184934.6	-92440.28
4	5	β₁	183998.9	184042.9	-91994.45
5	5	β₀	183647.0	183691.0	-91818.47
6	7	β₀ e β₁	183565.1	183626.8	-91775.56
7	7	β₀ e β₂	183540.4	183602.1	-91763.21

Treatment		β₀	β₁	β₂
1.5 x 1.5 m	Without pruning	9.242994	-0.1072991	0.9665149
1.5 x 1.5 m	With pruning	9.242994	-0.1659229	1.1883525
1.5 x 2.0 m	Without pruning	9.242994	-0.1874871	1.3272517
1.5 x 2.0 m	With pruning	9.242994	-0.2124146	1.4389406
1.5 x 2.5 m	Without pruning	9.242994	-0.2023390	1.4391196
1.5 x 2.5 m	With pruning	9.242994	-0.2449166	1.5936103
1.5 x 3.0 m	Without pruning	9.242994	-0.2675539	1.7566610
1.5 x 3.0 m	With pruning	9.242994	-0.2649459	1.7241284

Model	DF	Random effect	AIC	BIC	Log Lik
1	6	β₀ and β₁	60771.85	60819.5	-30379.93
2	4	β₀	60841.58	60873.34	-30416.79
3	4	β₁	61731.63	61763.4	-30861.82

Treatment		β₀	β₁
1.5 x 1.5 m	Without pruning	1.2122820	0.03315637
1.5 x 1.5 m	With pruning	0.9411892	0.02970979
1.5 x 2.0 m	Without pruning	1.6097919	0.02474258
1.5 x 2.0 m	With pruning	1.1481956	0.02932045
1.5 x 2.5 m	Without pruning	1.8604802	0.03014336
1.5 x 2.5 m	With pruning	1.2035727	0.03177627
1.5 x 3.0 m	Without pruning	2.0715486	0.03124670
1.5 x 3.0 m	With pruning	1.3699359	0.03140604

Treatment		Initial N (N/ha)	I_thinning (years)	DBH_thinning (cm)	Removal (%)	DBH_final (cm)
1.5 x 1.5 m	Without pruning	4444	6	4.3	41%	7.3
1.5 x 1.5 m	With pruning	4444	5	5.8	46%	8.8
1.5 x 2.0 m	Without pruning	3333	4	5.8	35%	9.0
1.5 x 2.0 m	With pruning	3333	4	6.5	35%	9.2
1.5 x 2.5 m	Without pruning	2667	4	6.4	33%	9.2
1.5 x 2.5 m	With pruning	2667	5	7.9	25%	9.2
1.5 x 3.0 m	Without pruning	2222	3	7.0	23%	9.2
1.5 x 3.0 m	With pruning	2222	5	8.3	13%	9.2

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[1] n: number of trees; DBH_mean = mean of diameter at breast height (cm); SD _DBH = standard deviation of diameter at breast height (cm² ); HT_mean = mean of total height (m); SD_HT = standard deviation of total height (m²); CA_mean = mean of crown area (m² ); SD_CA = standard deviation of crown area (m⁴).