Benchmark: Biomass Production in Eucalyptus Plantations as a Consequence of Fertilization

Santos, Paulo Henrique Rodrigues dos; Santana, Reynaldo Campos; Oliveira, Marcio Leles Romarco de; Gomes, Francisco Sérgio

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.060617

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Original Article, Silviculture • Floresta Ambient. 26 (2) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.060617 linkcopy

Benchmark: Biomass Production in Eucalyptus Plantations as a Consequence of Fertilization

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of fertilization, spatial arrangement and age on the biomass production in eucalyptus. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replicates. Overall, 15 fertilizations adopted by forest companies in plots were evaluated, and two arrangements, 3.0 x 3.0 m and 6.0 x 1.5 m, were tested in subplots. Diameter at 1.30 m and total height were measured at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after planting to estimate trunk biomass. Dependence between commercial fertilization and arrangement were observed for trunk biomass. The biomass production rate in treatments where higher amounts of nutrients were applied decreased from the second year. The 3.0 x 3.0 m arrangement proved to be the most attractive option at 60 months using treatment with 2000 kg of agrosilicon, 400 kg of reactive phosphate, 130 kg of 04:26:16 + 0.5% Cu + 0.5% Zn and 150 kg of KCl + 1% B.

Keywords:
space arrangement; forest fertilization; forestry

depth (cm)	pH	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	H+Al	O.M.	Sa	S	C
depth (cm)		_ mg.dm^-3_		_____cmolc.dm^-3_____				________dag.kg^-1_______
0-20	4.7	0.87	16.2	0.18	0.09	0.50	3.30	1.5	78	10	12
20-40	4.6	0.53	11.2	0.09	0.05	0.47	3.14	1.2	80	4	16

Treatment	Product (TA - kg.ha^-1)
1	Agrosilicon (TA1 - 2000); Reative Phosphate (TA2 - 400); 04:26:16+0.5%Cu+0.5%Zn (TA3 - 130); KCl+1%B (TA4 - 150)
2	Limestone Agrimag (TA1 - 1500); Plaster (TA1 - 1500); Simple Superphosphate +0.5%B+0.5%Cu+0.5%Zn (TA2 - 300); 06:30:06+0.5%B+0.5%Zn (TA3 - 150); 20:05:20 (TA4 - 150); 20:05:20 (TA5 - 150); Boron (liquid form) (TA6 - 2)
3	Limestone Agrimag (TA1 - 1500); Reative Phosphate (TA2 - 300); 06:30:12 (TA3 - 175); 08:00:32+0.7%B (TA4 - 130); KCl (TA5 - 150)
4	Agrosilicon (TA1 - 1500); Reative Phosphate (TA2 - 400); 06:30:06+0.5%B+0.5%Zn+0.5%Cu (TA3 - 110); KCl+1.2%B+1%Zn+0.5%Cu (TA4 - 150); KCl+1.2%B+1%Zn+0.5%Cu (TA5 - 150); Borax (TA6 - 25)
5	Limestone Rima (TA1 - 1000); Reative Phosphate (TA2 - 450); 06:30:06+0.5%B+0.5%Zn (TA3 - 100); KCl+1%B (TA4 - 150); KCl+1%B (TA5 - 150)
6	Limestone Rima (TA1 - 1000); Basifós (TA2 - 300); KCl+1%B (TA4 - 150); KCl+1%B (TA5 - 150)
7	Limestone Rima (TA1 - 1000); Phosphate of the Araxá (TA2 - 650); 06:30:06+0.5%B+0.5%Zn (TA3 - 100); KCl+1%B (TA4 - 150); KCl+1%B (TA5 - 150)
8	Limestone Rima (TA1 - 1000); 03:19/30:01+0.3%B+0.25%Zn+0.25%Cu+6.6%S (TA2 - 300); KCl+1%B (TA4 - 150); KCl+1%B (TA5 - 150)
9	Pre-lime (TA1 - 1000); 03:19/30:00+0.3%B+0.25%Zn+0.25%Cu+6.6%S+1%Mg (TA2 - 300); 00:00:38+16%Mg+0.7%B (TA4 - 230); 00:00:38+16%Mg+0.7%B (TA5 - 230)
10	Pre-lime (TA1 - 420); Balloon powder (TA1 - 20000); 06:30:06+0.5%B+0.5%Zn (TA3 - 100); KCl+1%B (TA4 - 175); Copper and Borogran (TA6 - 8 e 24)
11	Limestone Agrimag (TA1 - 2000); 04:18/30:04+0.2%Zn+0.25%B+0.2%Cu (TA2 - 390); 15:00:30 (TA4 - 170); KCl+1%B (TA5 - 220)
12	Limestone Agrimag (TA1 - 500); Reative Phosphate (TA2 - 400); 06:30:06+1%B+1%Zn+1%Cu (TA3 - 140); KCl (TA4 - 150); KCl (TA5 - 150); Borogran (TA6 - 20)
13	Limestone Rima (TA1 - 1500); Triple Superphosphate (TA2 - 170); 04:28:10 (TA3 - 100); 15:00:15+0.5%B (TA4 - 120); Borogran (TA6 - 25)
14	Limestone Agrimag (TA1 - 2000); Plaster (TA1 - 500); Simple Superphosphate (TA2 - 300); 6:30:06+0.2%B+1%Zn+1%Cu (TA3 - 150); 20:05:20 (TA4 - 120); 18:00:18 (TA5 - 350); 15:00:30 (TA6 - 400)
15	Limestone Agrimag (TA1 - 1500); Reative Phosphate (TA2 - 610); 10:28:06+1%B (TA3 - 150); 20:00:20+2%B (TA4 - 150); Borogran (TA6 - 30)

Source of variation	DF	Middle Square
Source of variation	DF	12	24	36	48	60
Blocks	3	0.03^ns	0.52^ns	4.28^ns	13.36^ns	36.05^ns
Treatment	14	1.14 *	24.39*	119.40*	314.03*	501.79*
Error 1	42	0.02	0.69	3.77	9.51	16.90
Spacing	1	0.26^ns	3.69^ns	22.38^ns	174.82*	9.98^ns
Error 2	3	0.11	2.52	3.73	7.65	7.94
Treatment x Spacing	14	0.26*	3.84*	14.73*	88.12*	30.62*
Error 3	42	0.03	0.82	3.95	8.48	15.22
Total	119
CV		19.03	10.71	10.63	11.68	10.58

T	12 months			24 months		36 months
T	3.0 x 3.0 m	6.0 x 1.5 m		3.0 x 3.0 m	6.0 x 1.5 m	3.0 x 3.0 m		6.0 x 1.5 m
1	2.4 c A	2.2 c A		22.4 a A	20.8 a A	53.3 a A		45.9 a B
2	2.1 d A	2.5 b A		21.3 a A	21.0 a A	46.9 b A		46.0 a A
3	3.0 b A	2.4 b A		20.5 b A	18.3 c A	45.2 b A		41.2 b B
4	2.5 c A	2.2 c A		19.9 b A	18.8 b A	45.1 b A		42.5 b A
5	1.7 e A	1.8 d A		16.8 c A	17.1 d A	40.7 c A		39.1 c A
6	2.2 d A	2.4 b A		18.0 c A	19.8 a A	40.7 c A		40.2 c A
7	1.8 e A	1.5 e A		17.1 c A	16.4 d A	35.9 d A		37.4 c A
8	1.9 e A	2.5 b A		17.7 c A	20.3 a A	37.7 d B		41.4 b A
9	1.9 e A	2.6 b A		19.4 b A	20.6 a A	43.0 b A		43.3 b A
10	2.1 e A	2.0 c A		17.3 c A	18.0 c A	40.3 c A		38.5 c A
11	2.0 e A	2.4 b A		17.1 c A	18.1 c A	40.0 c A		38.2 c A
12	2.3 d A	2.4 b A		17.9 c A	19.1 b A	37.7 d A		37.6 c A
13	2.3 d A	2.2 c A		16.1 d A	16.2 d A	36.4 d A		34.8 c A
14	3.3 a A	3.4 a A		20.3 b A	20.0 a A	41.4 c A		42.4 b A
15	2.1 d A	2.5 b A		14.7 e A	16.9 d A	35.4 d A		38.1 c A
T	48 months				60 months
T	3.0 x 3.0 m		6.0 x 1.5 m		3.0 x 3.0 m		6.0 x 1.5 m
1	84.4 a A		69.7 a B		104.6 a A		97.4 a B
2	75.9 b A		70.9 a B		87.2 b B		93.6 a A
3	73.4 c A		64.2 b B		85.2 c A		85.6 b A
4	71.8 c A		64.7 b B		89.5 b A		84.0 c A
5	69.7 d A		58.8 c B		79.9 d A		78.1 d A
6	67.4 d A		63.0 b B		86.9 c A		82.9 c A
7	67.2 d A		59.7 c B		76.8 d A		78.8 d A
8	53.9 f B		59.9 c A		75.9 d A		81.2 c A
9	60.7 e A		63.8 b A		85.2 c A		80.8 c A
10	52.9 f B		58.1 c A		73.6 d A		74.2 d A
11	62.4 e A		59.9 c A		80.3 c A		76.0 d A
12	54.7 f A		57.9 c A		73.5 d A		74.9 d A
13	58.3 e A		59.3 c A		72.2 d A		73.5 d A
14	66.8 d A		66.8 b A		90.3 a A		90.3 b A
15	56.3 f B		62.9 b A		72.6 d A		74.4 d A

T	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Zn
T	^{________________________________________} kg.ha^{-1 _____________________________________________}
T1	5.2°	34.1⁺	87.7⁺	703.3*	144.7*	6.7°	1.5°	0.7⁺	0.7°
T2	69.0^#	44.0^#	57.3°	643.2*	126.7^#	223.1*	4.3^#	1.5^#	2.3⁺
T3	20.9⁺	34.7⁺	126.7⁺	463.1⁺	126.7^#	3.2°	0.9°	0.0^-	0.0^-
T4	6.6°	32.9⁺	116.9⁺	553.2^#	108.6⁺	6.1°	6.9*	2.1*	3.6^#
T5	6.0°	30.8°	139.5^#	473.1⁺	54.3°	4.8°	3.5⁺	0.0^-	0.5°
T6	9.0°	23.6°	144.4^#	405.3°	54.3°	3.0°	3.9^#	0.6⁺	0.6°
T7	6.0°	35.8⁺	139.5^#	524.6^#	54.3°	0.0^-	3.5⁺	0.0^-	0.5°
T8	9.0°	64.2*	137.0^#	386.6°	55.6°	19.8⁺	3.9^#	0.8⁺	0.8°
T9	9.0°	64.2*	145.1^#	458.0⁺	44.4°	19.8⁺	4.1^#	0.8⁺	0.8°
T10	6.0°	34.0⁺	169.8*	393.1°	126.4^#	240*	4.7^#	0.8⁺	18.5*
T11	41.1^#	81.7*	153.9*	514.6^#	168.9*	0.0^-	3.2⁺	0.8⁺	0.8°
T12	8.4°	34.0⁺	156.4*	231.6°	42.2°	4.2°	3.4⁺	1.4^#	1.4⁺
T13	22.0⁺	39.7^#	23.2°	551.8^#	81.4⁺	0.0^-	3.1⁺	0.0^-	0.0^-
T14	156.0*	43.2^#	179.3*	626.8*	168.9*	65.0^#	0.8°	0.0^-	0.8°
T15	45.0^#	42.3^#	32.4°	542.9^#	126.7^#	6.4°	7.5*	0.0^-	0.0^-

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[1] O.M.: Organic Matter; Sa: Sand; S: Silt; C: Clay. Extractors: M.O.: Oxi-Red.; pH in water – Relationship 1:2.5; P, K: Mehlich I; Al, Ca, Mg: KCl; H+Al: Buffered SMP