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Floresta e Ambiente, Volume: 27, Número: 1, Publicado: 2020
  • Closing the Snack Bar: Developing Methods for Jackfruit Tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) Control in Brazil Original Article

    Moura, Ciro José Ribeiro de; Gaspar, Marcela; Bergallo, Helena Godoy; Lacerda, Ana Carolina; Ferreguetti, Átilla

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT There are several techniques for the control and removal of invasive species that can be applied, and there is a demand among restoration practitioners for plant control methods. This study compared two methods for the control of jackfruit tree: mechanical method of trunk girdling and chemical method of herbicide injection into the trunk. It was evaluated both methods in terms of effectiveness in 10 plots (80 × 80 m). For the chemical method, triclopyr in concentrations of 2%, 6% and 8% was used. The progress of treatments was evaluated accordingly for the phytosanitary conditions. Method of trunk girdling proved to be ineffective and it had a low mortality rate (12%). The proportion of dead trees by chemical treatment was 100%. The results showed that chemical control of jackfruit trees was much faster and more effective.
  • Different Patterns Of Nutrient Cycling In Contiguous Phytophysiognomies Of Atlantic Forest, Brazil Original Article

    Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de; Souza, Rodrigo Camara de; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Pires, Fábio Ribeiro; Fanticelle, Bruno Santanna; Araujo-Filho, Paulo Batista

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate fine aboveground litterfall, deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus from total litterfall and leaf litter decomposition in areas of tall forest (Mata Alta) and low forest on sandy soils (Mussununga) in southeastern Brazil. Fine litterfall was collected monthly for two years (from June/2007 to May/2009) in 10 conical collectors (0.25 m2) in each phytophysiognomy (1 ha plots). The material was subsequently separated into leaves, branches, flowers and fruits, and unidentified material. Leaf decomposition rates were evaluated using 15 litterbags, three of which were collected every 30 days. Higher litterfall occurred in both phytophysiognomies during the rainy season, with leaves predominating. The lowest litterfall, nutrient input, and leaf litter decomposition values appeared to be nutrient conservation strategies, contributing to the ecological functioning of the Mussununga where soil fertility was lower than in the Mata Alta.
  • Environmental Violation Fines Growth in the Northern Region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil Original Article

    Costa, Jessica da Silva; Sousa, Raquel Valério de; Liesenberg, Veraldo

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT This study aimed to diagnose the environmental infractions that occurred in the northern region of Santa Catarina State (Southern Brazil). The environmental infractions were classified by category and by violation activities concerning the hydrographic regions of Canoinhas Plateau and Baixada Norte from 2014 to 2018 to assess the growth and causes of a diagnosis regarding the environmental damages occurrences. Results indicated that the major illegal environmental practices registered in both region are related to environmental violations regarding the damage caused in native vegetation, and these damages are caused without authorization of the competent environmental authority. In addition, it was also important to note the activity of maintaining birds in captivity and of functioning of potentially pollutant activities or establishments that do not have a license of the competent regional environmental agencies. Therefore, efforts from the Environmental Policy should be directed to implement a forest monitoring system using remote sensing technology apart from starting a stronger cooperation with municipal authorities from Santa Catarina State by promoting Environmental Monitoring Programs (EMP).
  • Copper Accumulation and Distribution in Two Arboreal Species of the Atlantic Forest Original Article

    Zabotto, Alessandro Reinaldo; França, Wellma Santana; Domingos, Marisa; Rinaldi, Mirian Cilene Spasiani; Kanashiro, Shoey; Ferreira, Mauricio Lamano; Tavares, Armando Reis

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of copper (Cu) in the pioneer tree Schinus terebinthifolius R. (aroeira) and non-pioneer tree Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) submitted to different concentrations of copper. The plants received 40 mL of Hoagland & Arnon (1950) n. 1 nutrient solution modified with 0.00032, 0.0032, 0.032 and 0.32 mM Cu2+ applied to the soil. We analyzed biomass, biometry and Cu contents in plants and the concentration of Cu in soil. Cu concentration in the soil contaminated with 0.32 mM Cu2+ was higher than other treatments. Neither species showed characteristics of plant phytotoxicity. However, the two species did exhibit different physiological responses to Cu; S. terebinthifolius accumulated the metal only in roots, while E. uniflora accumulated Cu in roots and leaves. The highest Cu concentration in soil was observed in the treatment with 0.32 mM Cu2+. Outstanding to foliar accumulation, E. uniflora could be used for biomonitoring.
  • Dendrometric Analysis of Early Development of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis with Gypsum use Under Subtropical Conditions Original Article

    Ferreira, Carla Fernanda; Bassaco, Marcos Vinicius Martins; Pereira, Milena; Pauletti, Volnei; Prior, Stephen Arthur; Motta, Antonio Carlos Vargas

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Gypsum can be used as a source for calcium (Ca) and sulphurum (S) for plants, as well as an acid, that is, a natural soil conditioner. Aiming to determine the influence of gypsum on the development of Eucalyptus urograndis in Brazil, an experiment was conducted at two locations in Paraná State. Experiments were conducted with rates of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 and 9.6 Mg ha-1 to verify the method of broadcast planting in a randomized block design with four repetitions. Diameter and height of plants were measured every six months and volume was determined after 36 months. There was a difference in Eucalyptus growth between the two areas, possibly related to differences in planting season and climate. Gypsum did not influence on the dendrometric growth of Eucalyptus trees. The lack of a response to gypsum, as a source of Ca, S and soil conditioner, was discussed based on soil type, Eucalyptus tolerance to soil acidity, and climatic conditions in the period evaluated.
  • Comparison between Resistograph Analysis with Physical Properties of the Wood of Brazilian Native Tree Species Original Article

    Silva, Carlos Eduardo Silveira da; Pace, José Henrique Camargo; Gomes, Fernando José Borges; Carvalho, Paulo César Leal de; Reis, Claudia de Azevedo; Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo; Rolim, Samir Gonçalves; Carvalho, Alexandre Monteiro de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT There is just little information about the technological aspects of the wood of Brazilian native tree species, which limits their suitable use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistograph amplitudes of the wood from six native tree species in different wood density classes, and correlate them with their wood densities to demonstrate the efficiency of this nondestructive technique. The results of the resistograph analysis divided the species into three classes. Analyses of basic and bulk densities of their wood showed statistically significant differences among the evaluated samples that divided them into four classes. The comparison of resistograph method and observed densities showed only a slight difference among the density classes. Therefore, it was found in this study that resistograph analysis may be used for explaining wood properties as well as achieving satisfactory correlations with their actual values, especially the physical properties of species with high wood density.
  • Juvenile Wood from Pinus patula Schltdl & Cham for Multilaminated Panel Production Original Article

    Tavares, Everton Lorenzett; Hillig, Everton; Dias, Andrea Nogueira; Zanuncio, Antonio José Vinha; Serpe, Edson Luis

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Wood scarcity, attacks by primates and insects, and fungal damage in forest plantations make the introduction of new species necessary. Given this, it is important to understand the potential uses of wood in the production chain. Pinus patula Schltdl & Cham presents good adaptation to Brazilian conditions and is a candidate for wood supply. Its juvenile wood density however, is lower than that of other pine species. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of veneer on panels produced with twelve-year old P. patula wood compared with panels produced with P. taeda wood of the same age, which is commonly used for panel production. Panels were bonded with urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde adhesives using veneers applied on two types of plywood panel. The P. patula panels showed lower strength, stiffness and density when bonded with urea-formaldehyde, and higher strength, density and stiffness when bonded with phenol-formaldehyde in comparison with P. taeda. P. patula panels can be used for multilayer panel production.
  • Terracing Recovers the Quality of a Riverbank Soil Degraded by Water Erosion in Brazilian Semiarid Original Article

    Silva, Alisson Jadavi Pereira da; Rios, Márcio Lima

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Soil physical-hydraulic properties are among the most important indicators for evaluating soil quality. This study aimed to experimentally demonstrate how the construction of terraces can affect physical-hydraulic properties of a soil degraded by water erosion on the banks of the Salitre river, tributary of the São Francisco river. An area in advanced stage of degradation by water erosion was delimited for the construction of a level bench terrace. The experiment was conducted for two years. Soil physical-hydraulic properties were determined before and after terracing. Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) was used to measure soil water storage (mm). This study demonstrated that terracing positively affected soil physical-hydraulic properties in the previously degraded area, allowed the increase in the retention and availability of water in the soil, thus is an ecologically beneficial practice for recovery of degraded soils on the banks of the Salitre river.
  • Physical-Anatomical and Initial Growth of Tabebuia roseoalba (Ridl.) under Different Water Regimes Original Article

    Scalon, Silvana de Paula Quintão; Mussury, Rosilda Mara

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The present work evaluated the physical-anatomical and initial growth of Tabebuia roseoalba seedlings exposed to different water regimes. The seedlings were grown under 100, 50, 25 and 12.5% of the water retention capacity (WRC). After 90 days, the following aspects were evaluated: height, diameter, fresh and dry weights of aerial and root, root length, and leaf area, Dickson quality index, liquid assimilation rate, relative growth rate, specific leaf area, stomatal index, and number of trichomes and leaf epidermal cells. The results indicated seedlings have greater initial growth and quality when cultivated at 100% WRC, and 25 and 12.5% WRC represented stress conditions for the plants. The species is hypostomatous with anomocytic stomata. The number of stomata, the stomatal index, and the number of epidermal cells did diminish with reduced water availability. The number of trichomes were larger on the adaxial face as water availability decreased.
  • Effect of Different Temperatures on the Germination of Callisthene major (Vochysiaceae) Original Article

    Oliveira, Ademir Kleber Morbeck de; Fernandes, Richard Matheus; Abreu, Clara Anne de Araújo; Pina, José Carlos

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Knowledge of environmental conditions for seed germination and seedling formation of forest species is essential. The objective of this work is to evaluate the germination of Callisthene major seeds under laboratory conditions using six different temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and germitest paper (on and between paper). A completely randomized design was used with four replicates of 25 seeds per experimental unit. The variables evaluated were germination (%), germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT) in days and normal seedlings. The results indicated that the species has a high germination index (above 94%) for all tested substrates and temperatures; however, the highest germination vigor (GSI and AGT) was obtained by alternating the temperature between 25-35 °C with the substrate on paper.
  • The Comparative Photosynthetic Responses of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea and Pinus tropicalis, from Western Cuba Original Article

    García-Quintana, Yudel; Arteaga-Crespo, Yasiel; Decker, María de; Vega-Rosete, Sonia; Geada-López, Gretel

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic responses of Pinus caribaea Morelet var. caribaea Barret & Golfari and Pinus tropicalis Morelet in the ecological conditions of Pinar del Río, Cuba. Data were collected in March 2015 using an open system IRGA-porometer LI-6400. The response of both species was measured by increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and photosynthetically active radiation. Results indicated that under the same environmental conditions, P. caribaea var. caribaea is more productive than P. tropicalis, since P. caribaea var. caribaea, showed higher values of net CO2 assimilation and reaching the CO2 compensation point at 77 μmol mol-1, against the 113 μmol mol-1 registered by P. tropicalis. The species P. caribaea var. caribaea reached light saturation at lower values than P. tropicalis, and showed greater efficiency for the carboxylation of Rubisco. The results indicated that both species perform C3 photosynthetic mechanism.
  • Tube Volumes and Fertilization Management in Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Seedlings Original Article

    Dias, Gardênia Proto; Carlos, Leandro; Alves, José Milton; Silva, Laísa Cristine Santos; Cavalcante, Thomas Jefferson

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, known as Indian cedar, has little forestry development in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to find the best relation between nutrition and container (tube) volume in seedlings of this species. The experiment was carried out in a 2 × 8 factorial scheme (2 containers and 8 fertilizers), with polypropylene tubes of 50 and 110 cm³ being tested, and the following fertilization treatments: one control, 4 increasing doses of osmocotee plus: 3, 5, 7, 9 kg per m³ of substrate, and fractionated mineral fertilizations with cover manure. It was possible to note that the tube with the highest volume (110 cm³) presented better results for the morphological characteristics. However, when analyzing the physiological variables, it is clear that the 50 cm³ tubes presented similar results to the largest volume tube when well fertilized. It is concluded that the indicated to form seedlings of the species is the combination of tubes of 50 cm³ with the fertilization or double of this recommendation.
  • Allometric Relations in Leaves of Erythroxylum pauferrense: Endemic Species of Alto-Montana Forest in the Northeast Region, Brazil Original Article

    Barbosa, Ana Jéssica Soares; Santos, José Nailson Barros; Albuquerque, Manoel Bandeira de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Studies of leaf surface are important for the ecophysiological context. We tested 12 allometric equations to estimate the leaf area of the endemic species Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman, using different morphometric measurements (n = 600). The analysis of variance (p < 0.001), determination coefficient (R2adj), standard error of estimates (Sxy), and graphical interpretation of the dispersion of errors were used to select the models. The residual bias was estimated through the confidence interval using t-Student distribution (p = 0.01). Simple linear equations (Ŷ = 0.0244 + 0.7204 × CxL) and power functions (Ŷ = 0.7279 × CxL0.9971) were validated from an independent sample of leaves, confirming their accuracy. The results are important to guide actions of conservation of the endemic species.
  • Physiological and Morphological Behavior of Hymenaea stigonocarpa Seedlings Submitted to Phosphorus Original Article

    Silva, Patrícia Oliveira da; Carlos, Leandro; Menezes-Silva, Paulo Eduardo; Costa, Andréia Mendes da; Barbosa, Kássia de Paula

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract In face of the global situation, a practice which has been gaining strength is producing seedlings for environmental restoration. Among the species that stand out for such activity is Hymenaea stigonocarpa. However, little is known about their nutritional requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological behavior of H. stigonocarpa seedlings submitted to phosphorus doses. The design was completely randomized with five doses (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg dm-3) and four replicates. Physiological, morphological, biomass and phosphorus content analyses were performed. There was a difference for root mass ratio, leaf mass ratio, shoot mass ratio, leaf area and root area. The dose of 200 mg dm-³ is recommended for H. stigonocarpa seedlings.
  • Moist Heat Overcomes Physical Dormancy at the Seed Coat Lens in Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum Original Article

    Smychniuk, Aline Aparecida; Calvi, Geângelo Petene; Ferraz, Isolde Dorothea Kossmann

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby (Fabaceae-Caesalpinoideae) is a tree of the Amazon region with pioneer characteristics and large seeds with physical dormancy. Using Accelerated Ageing (AA) methodology, seeds were exposed to Moist Heat (40 °C; >97% Relative Humidity; RH) or Dry Heat (40 °C; 22% RH). Furthermore, it was also investigated dormancy release and the primary site of water entrance into the seeds. Seeds tolerate these conditions for up to six days without any reduction in vigour, however, only Moist Heat could overcome seed dormancy, allowing germination. The lens is the water-gap for primary water entry (where the palisade layer is thinner), as seeds with blocked lens did not imbibe. An unusual multi-layered hypodermis of osteosclereids in the seed coat was observed. Our results suggest that the combination of high temperature with high RH is a key factor involved in overcoming dormancy in the natural habitat of this Amazonian species.
  • Regeneration under the Canopies of Native Species in a Restoration Area Original Article

    Marcuzzo, Suzane Bevilacqua; Viera, Márcio; Salin, Marcio

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Inga vera (Ingá) and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Timbaúva) as facilitating species and their species-specific interaction on the restoration of a degraded and protected area in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We surveyed the natural regeneration occurred under the canopies of 50 I. vera and E. contortisiliquum individuals, considering tree and shrub species with heights ≥ 30 cm and collar diameter ≥ 0.3 cm and < 10 cm. We found 756 individuals under I. vera and 166 individuals under E. contortisiliquum. The study revealed that, despite corresponding to 19% of the total species found, the exotic species comprises 43.6% under I. vera and 11% under E. contortisiliquum. The I. vera presented a more significant number of species and individuals under its canopies when compared to E. contortisiliquum and the reference area.
  • Anatomy of Charcoal and Carbonization Effect under Eucalyptus FibersDimensions Original Article

    Arantes, Marina Donária Chaves; Trugilho, Paulo Fernando; Moulin, Jordão Cabral; Goulart, Selma Lopes; Baraúna, Edy Eime Pereira; Abreu Neto, Raul de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The anatomy of wood and charcoal was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in three radial positions of E. urophylla and E. Grandis in different diameter classes at six years. The carbonization process was given in the muffle with an average rate of 0.5 °C increment per minute, using initial temperature of 150 °C and maximum of 450 °C. It was observed that the pore diameter presented higher values in the samples obtained in the internal position. The diameter classes of the trees almost did not influence the characteristics of the fibers. In the external position (close to the shell) fibers with higher values of cell wall thickness and smaller values of lumen diameter and width were identified. The fiber lumen diameter was not affected by the wood carbonization process, whereas the cell wall thickness and fiber width were reduced.
  • Farmer’s Perception about Agroforestry Systems for Legal Reserves in the Region of São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil Original Article

    Reis, Bruna Paolinelli; Oliveira Neto, Sílvio Nolasco de; Sarcinelli, Tathiane Santi; Martins, Sebastião Venâncio

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The aim of this study is to characterize the perceptions and interests of farmers related to the adoption of agroforestry systems (AFS) for restoration of Fibria Celulose S.A.’s Legal Reserves (LRs), with the production of food and non-timber forest products. Twenty farmers were interviewed in the community of São Geraldo (São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil), who participated in the social projects led by the company in the community. With this, it was possible to trace the profile of farmers and farms, their knowledge of environmental suitability, and interest in the adoption of AFS. Most farmers did not have information about AFS and the possibility of its use in LR. After being educated on the opportunities established in the Brazilian Forestry Law, 12 of the interviewed farmers expressed interest in adopting AFS to restore LR, considering the potential benefits to the diversification of income, water, soil, and biodiversity conservation. Finally, it was also possible to identify species of interest by farmers for AFS composition in LRs.
  • Pedoforms Microclimate and Seasonal Forest Structure in Médio Vale do Paraíba Original Article

    Medeiros, Alexandre dos Santos; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Fréo, Vanessa Aparecida; Braz, Denise Monte

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract In the Rio de Janeiro State, the Atlantic Forest is restricted to small fragments, responsible for the maintenance of environmental services. These fragments occur on steep slopes dominated by concave and convex pedoforms, capable of changing the local microclimate conditions. To preserve these communities, it is necessary to determine the level of influence of these pedoforms on forests structure and species distribution. Thus, we performed a phytosociological study and installed a set of four sensors to determine the monthly mean of air temperature and relative humidity in concave and concave pedoforms. The forest structure and the microclimate averages are compared by the Levene’s T-test. We observed differences between microclimatic average, importance value indexes (IVIs) and total height, indicating that microclime variations can influence the structure and composition of the tree community. However, these structure differences are punctual and insufficient to determine specific communities.
  • Population Fluctuation of Selenaspidus articulatus Morgan (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Rubber Tree Original Article

    Silva, Jéssica Ferreira; Pereira, Jaqueline Magalhães; Chagas, Daniel Floriano das; Cardoso, Vitor Pureza; Rodrigues, Ohana Daroszewski

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Rubber tree is the main source of natural rubber in the world. Because of its economic importance, cultivation was accentuated in several regions of Brazil in the form of monoculture, thus favoring insects to establish in the crop. Among them, the West Indian red scale cochineal Selenaspidus articulatus stands out, responsible for injuring rubber plants due to sap sucking. This work evaluated the fluctuation of S. articulatus in rubber tree clones. Sampling was carried out by collecting leaves every 15 days from PB 235, RRIM 600, PR 255 and GT 1 clones during the period of March 2013 and March 2014. RRIM 600 clone showed the highest population level of S. articulatus, with a population peak of 14.88 insects/leaf in June. PR 255 clone had the lowest scale infestation, demonstrating this clone’s possible resistance to this species. This is the first report of S. articulatus occurrence in Goiás.
  • Phenology of Copernicia alba in Flooded and Not Flooded Environments Original Article

    Araujo, Maicon Marinho Vieira; Lobo, Francisco de Almeida

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The objective of this study is to describe the reproductive and vegetative phenological patterns of individuals of Copernicia alba, popularly known as “carandá,” in two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and to test the relations between their phenophases and climatic seasonality. We obtained the phenological aspects of the carandá through a biweekly observation of 22 individuals from two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso between August 2015 and August 2017. The carandá population presented a perennial behavior, flowering during the dry season and greater leaf intensity in the transition period to the rainy season. Budding, although continuous, was intense in the rainy season, and the leaf deciduous pattern had a direct interference from the absence of rainfalls in the dry period. The incidence of floral buds occurred in the dry period, and the flowering occurred between the dry and rainy periods. The fruiting period occurred in the rainy season, indicating a high synchronism of phenophases.
  • Impact of Wood Moisture in Charcoal Production and Quality Original Article

    Canal, Wagner Davel; Carvalho, Ana Márcia Macedo; Figueiró, Clarissa Gusmão; Carneiro, Angélica de Cássia Oliveira; Fialho, Lucas de Freitas; Donato, Danilo Barros

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The charcoal production when performed in woods with high moisture content negatively impacts the pyrolysis and causes an increase of greenhouse emissions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moisture on the production and quality of charcoal for the pig iron industry. The slow pyrolysis of Eucalyptus sp. was carried out in four different wood moistures, 0, 20, 40 and 60% (dry base). The charcoal and gas yield decreased according to the increase of wood moisture. On the other hand, the bio-oil yield and charcoal friability increased along with the moisture content. The proximate analysis, bulk density and higher heating value of the charcoal were not influenced by the moisture content. The use of wood with moisture content below 20% in the production of charcoal is an alternative to improve productivity, contributing for the economic sustanainability of this sector.
  • Organic Residues and Bokashi Influence in the Growth of Alibertia edulis Original Article

    Santos, Cleberton Correia; Vieira, Maria do Carmo; Zárate, Néstor Antonio Heredia; Carnevali, Thiago de Oliveira; Gonçalves, Willian Vieira

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different organic residues and bokashi in the substrate formulation in the initial growth of marmelo-do-cerrado. The experiment was carried out in pots under shading (50%). The following organic residues were tested: poultry manure (PM) with rice husk base, PM with wood shavings base, Organosuper®, and castor bean meal, in a control with only soil. All treatments were assessed with and without bokashi. The experimental arrangement was a 5 × 2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with four replicates and four plants. The greatest plant height was observed when the plants were cultivated in PM with rice husk base with bokashi. The pigment contents, photochemical efficiency, biomasses and quality of seedlings were highest in Organosuper® with bokashi. We recommend the use of Organosuper® and PM with rice husk base, both with bokashi, in the growth of marmelo-do-cerrado.
  • Germination and Initial Seedling Growth of Schizolobium amazonicum on Different Substrates and Irrigation Depths Original Article

    Oliveira, Maria de Fátima de Castro; Silva, Wilson Araújo da; Silva, Cristiane Matos da; Santana, Jhonata Santos; Silva, Alinne

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Due to the good silvicultural characteristics of Schizolobium amazonicum (parica) and its versatility (planting and use), the species has become an alternative in commercial exploitation. Aiming to verify the influence of irrigation depth and substrate on the germination and growth of Parica seedlings, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using randomized blocks in a 2 × 4 bifactorial scheme, with two types of substrates (washed sand and commercial substrate) and four irrigation depths corresponding to 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), with five replications. Germination rate, emergency speed index and biometric variables were evaluated. The commercial substrate combined with the irrigation level of 50% of ETo favored a higher emergence speed and germination rate. In the growing phase, the irrigation level of 150% of ETo combined with the commercial substrate produced better results, indicating greater survival and development in the field.
  • Litter Accumulation in a Eucalyptus grandis Plantation, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Original Article

    Santos, Fernanda Dias dos; Fantinel, Roberta Aparecida; Andrzejewski, Camila; Santos, Elke Lima dos; Machado, Dayanna do Nascimento; Schumacher, Mauro Valdir

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This study aimed at quantifying the accumulation of litter in formative compartments (bark, branches, leaves, and miscellaneous) above the soil in a 23-year-old Eucalyptus grandis plantation, located on the campus of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. We installed four parallel plots on the settlement lines, measuring 3.0 m × 6.0 m. In order for litter collection, we utilized a 25 cm × 25 cm iron frame and randomly collected 15 samples of each plot, totaling 60 samples. The burlap consisted predominantly of branches (39%) and miscellaneous (29%) fraction, followed by leaves (23%) and bark (6%). Such accumulation may be associated with the age of the Eucalyptus grandis, the density of the forest, and the stability achieved by the plantation.
  • In Vitro Rooting and Multiplication of Myrcianthes pungens (O. Berg) D. Legrand Original Article

    Souza, Luana dos Santos de; Campos, Samanta Siqueira de; Avrella, Eduarda Demari; Fior, Claudimar Sidnei; Schwarz, Sérgio Francisco

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The propagation of guabijuzeiro (M. pungens) by seed is originating plants with high genetic variability and a long juvenile period. Therefore, the objective was to study the multiplication and rooting in vitro of guabijuzeiro in order to get information to enable the clonal propagation. In the multiplication, apical and nodal segments were used, taken from in vitro plantlets, combined with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA). In the rooting, NAA and IBA (indolebutyric acid) were used. The results showed that in the multiplication there was superiority in media with BAP, while rooting was not satisfactory in media with NAA or IBA. Thus, it is possible to multiply M. pungens in vitro using BAP phytoregulator in the multiplication stage. However, the rooting stage needs more tests to induce the production of roots and facilitate acclimatization of the plants obtained in vitro.
  • Sucrose and substrates on the acclimatization of micropropagated Luehea divaricata plants Original Article

    Silva, Karol Buuron da; Reiniger, Lia Rejane Silveira; Stefanel, Charlene Moro; Rabaiolli, Silvia Machado dos Santos

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sucrose and substrates on the acclimatization of micropropagated Luehea divaricata plants. First, the effect of sucrose on in vitro growth and development of nodal segments in Woody Plant Medium reduced to its half concentration was tested. After that, these shoots were then acclimatized and the combined effect of sucrose, as previously described, plus the commercial substrates vermiculite, MecPlant® or H-decker® were tested. In the in vitro culture, root and leaf formation were superior (44%, 8.44 leaves) with 20 g L-1 sucrose, and then the presence of sucrose continued to be more efficient in the acclimatization with the MecPlant® or H-decker® commercial substrates. Sucrose at 20 g L-1 is more efficient for in vitro leaf and root formation, and the MecPlant® or H-decker® substrates may be used in acclimatization.
  • Effect of Sample Dimensions on Static Bending Test Original Article

    Costa, Luciano Junqueira; Lopes, Camila Batista da Silva; Reis, Matheus Fernandes de Carvalho; Paula, Marcos Oliveira de; Figueiró, Clarissa Gusmão; Fialho, Lucas de Freitas; Soares, Jéssica Dornelas

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the static bending strength (fM) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) to static bending values of Eucalyptus grandis samples produced in different dimensions. It intended to identify samples that present similar mechanical properties to those recommended by other technical standards and those obtained according to NBR 7190. The samples were made in agreement with the dimensions of the following standards: IPT, AFNOR B51-016, ASTM D143, CEN-EN 408, COPANT 555, and NBR 7190. The strength was significantly reduced with the increase of the sample dimensions. The MOE was significantly influenced by the samples size with the values showing a parabolic trend. The samples produced according to COPANT 555 (5 x 5 x 75 cm) presented resistance values similar to the values obtained following NBR 7190 specifications, whereas for the MOE, the samples proposed according to the IPT presented the closest values of Brazilian technical standards (NBR 7190).
  • Resistance of Soil Organic Matter in “Humic A Horizons” of the Mountainous Region in the State of Rio De Janeiro Original Article

    Fontana, Ademir; Pereira, Marcos Gervasio; Balieiro, Fabiano de Carvalho; Chagas, Cesar da Silva; Donagemma, Guilherme Kangussu; Oliveira, Lucienne Silva de

    Resumo em Inglês:

    ABSTRACT Soils with high organic carbon content, such as those with “humic A horizon”, occur in different regions of Brazil. This study aimed to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of organic matter regarding the humic A horizon under different land uses in Bom Jardim, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Samples from forest, pasture, Eucalyptus plantation, coffee cultivation, olericulture, and also passion fruit soils were sampled and analyzed. In October 2011, undisturbed samples from humic A horizons, were collected for soil density analysis. In addition, disturbed samples were collected for the determination of organic carbon (Corg) content, total carbon, humic substance fractions contents and natural abundance of 13Carbon (δ13C). Low Corg contents were observed in areas under olericulture, pasture and passion fruit cultivation. The fulvic acid fraction was higher than other fractions, regardless of land use. The small variability in δ13C indicated maintenance of original Corg and suggest high resistance of Soil Organic Matter in humic A horizons.
  • Metals Phytoextraction by Cordia africana from Soils Contaminated with Oil Drilling Waste Original Article

    Amaral Sobrinho, Nelson Moura Brasil do; Andrade, André Fernão Martins de; Lima, Erica Souto Abreu; Zonta, Everaldo; Magalhães, Márcio Osvaldo Lima

    Resumo em Inglês:

    Abstract Oil exploration and production generate large quantities of waste, which may contain contaminants such as barium and lead. Therefore, more studies aimed at decreasing the levels of heavy metals in contaminated sites, using methods such as phytoremediation, are needed. In a preliminary assay, samples of soil contaminated with oil drilling waste were incubated with different concentrations (2 or 6 mmol L-1) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Subsequently, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of the tree Cordia africana. EDTA induced mobilization and translocation of lead, manganese, and iron into the C. africana leaves but had no effect on barium. The quantity of heavy metal contaminants accumulated in the plant vegetative parts showed that C. africana cannot be used as a phytoextractor for the tested metals; however, it can be used as a phytostabilizer.
Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Rodovia BR 465 Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Tel.: (21) 2682 0558 | (21) 3787-4033 - Seropédica - RJ - Brazil
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