Bohannon (24) |
Wrist and elbow flexors/extensors; shoulder internal/external
rotators, abductors/adductors |
Supine, wrist and elbow flexion/extension, shoulder
internal/external rotation: upper limb next to the body and
elbow flexed at 90°; shoulder abduction/adduction: elbow
extended and shoulder abducted at 45°. Manual stabilization next
to the evaluated segment |
Three trials, contractions of 4 to 5s, rest intervals between 10
and 30s |
Bohannon et al. (82) |
Wrist and elbow flexors/extensors; shoulder internal/external
rotators, abductors/adductors, flexors/extensors |
Supine, tested segment without the interference of gravity and
in the middle of range of motion |
Same as above |
Bohannon et al. (25) |
Wrist extensors; elbow flexors/extensors; shoulder internal/
external rotators, abductors, and flexors/extensors |
Supine, tested segment without the interference of gravity and
in the middle of range of motion |
Same as above |
Bohannon et al. (26) |
Wrist extensors; elbow flexors, and shoulder external
rotators |
Supine, tested segment without the interference of gravity and
the middle of range of motion, described by Bohannon (24) |
One trial, contractions of 4 to 5s |
Riddle et al. (83) |
Wrist and elbow flexors/extensors; shoulder internal/external
rotators |
Supine (24) |
Three trials, contractions of 4 to 6s, rest intervals of 10 to
30s |
Bohannon et al. (84) |
Elbow flexors |
Supine, upper limb extended, 90° of elbow flexion, 30° of
shoulder abduction, forearm at supine position |
Four trials, contractions of 4 to 5s, rest intervals of 10s |
Bohannon et al. (85) |
Elbow flexors |
Supine, elbow flexed at 90°, shoulder stabilization |
Two trials, contractions of 4 to 5s |
Bohannon (63) |
Elbow flexors and shoulder abductors |
Supine, elbow flexed at 90° and shoulder at 45° |
NI |
Bohannon et al. (86) |
Wrist extensors, elbow flexors, and shoulder abductors |
Supine, tested segment without the interference of gravity and
in the middle of the range of motion, wrist extension: shoulder
in neutral, elbow flexed at 90°, wrist in neutral and fingers
relaxed. Stabilization: distal forearm; elbow flexion: shoulder
in neutral, elbow flexed at 90°, forearm in supine.
Stabilization: upper arm or shoulder; shoulder abduction:
shoulder abducted at 45° and elbow extended. Stabilization: top
of shoulder |
NI |
Andrews et al. (27) |
Wrist extensors, elbow flexors, and shoulder abductors |
Supine, tested segment without the interference of gravity,
wrist extensors: shoulder in neutral, elbow flexed at 90°, and
fingers relaxed. Stabilization: distal forearm, elbow flexors:
elbow flexed at 90°, forearm in supine. Stabilization: upper arm
or shoulder; elbow extensors: elbow flexed at 90°.
Stabilization: anterior part of the shoulder or arm; shoulder
abductors: shoulder abducted at 45° and elbow extended.
Stabilization: shoulder |
Two trials, contractions of 3 to 4s, rest intervals of 1 to
2min |
Byl et al. (47) |
Wrist extensors, elbow flexors, and shoulder flexors |
Supine or sitting; wrist extensors: arm on the table, forearm in
prone, and wrist in neutral. Stabilization: distal forearm;
elbow flexors: elbow flexed at about 90°, forearm in supine.
Stabilization: under the elbow, shoulder flexors: shoulder
flexed and internally rotated, elbow flexed and forearm in
supine. Stabilization at the trunk |
NI |
Bohannon (70) |
Elbow flexors and shoulder abductors |
Supine: elbow flexors: elbow flexed at 90° and forearm in
supine; shoulder abuctors: shoulder abducted at 45° and elbow
extended |
One trial, contractions of 4 to 5s, rest intervals of 1min |
Beebe et al. (55) |
Index finger, wrist, elbow, and shoulder flexors and
extensors |
Supine, tested segment without the interference of gravity;
forefinger flexors/extensors: NI; wrist flexors: NI; wrist
extensors: shoulder in neutral, elbow flexed at 90°, and fingers
relaxed. Stabilization: distal forearm; elbow flexors: elbow
flexed at 90°, forearm in supine. Stabilization: anterior part
of the shoulder or arm; shoulder flexors: shoulder flexed at 90°
and elbow extended. Stabilization: axillary region, shoulder
extensors: shoulder flexed at 90°, elbow flexed. Stabilization:
shoulder |
NI |
Beebe et al. (76) |
Index finger, wrist, elbow, and shoulder flexors and
extensors |
Same as above |
NI |