Effects of a physical exercise program using exergames on gross motor development in children with autism spectrum disorder

Efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos utilizando exergames no desenvolvimento motor amplo em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista

Abstract

Introduction:  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified in the literature as a disorder of human neurodevelopment and present in a unique way in each individual. It can alter various behaviors related to communication, speech, social interaction, repetitive movements, and fine and gross motor coordination. In this sense, various functional impairments are observed in people with the disorder. Because of these functional deficiencies, much research has been done on the motor functions and conditions of these individuals, given the detrimental impact that deficits in motor coordination and executive functions have on independence and the development of social skills, as well as their direct impact on health conditions and physical and mental integrity.

Objective:  To assess the gross motor development of children diagnosed with ASD before and after a period of therapeutic physiotherapy intervention using exergames as a tool.

Methods:  The study included nine prepubertal males between the ages of 7 and 10 who underwent a 12-week intervention with two weekly half-hour sessions of exergames.

Results:  A significant difference was observed in overall performance on the Global Motor Quotient and in subtests assessing object control and locomotor performance.

Conclusion:  The intervention using exergames as a therapeutic tool was the main factor responsible for improving the gross motor development of the children diagnosed with ASD.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorder; Exergaming; Child development