Does the quality of the home environment influence the functional abilities of infants in early childhood?

Lima, Mylena Francielle R.; Costa, Lucas B.; Pereira, Daniel Gonçalves; Gomes, Wellington Fabiano; Oliveira, Vinícius C.; Morais, Rosane Luzia S.

doi:10.1590/1809-2950/21025429022022EN

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH • Fisioter. Pesqui. 29 (2) • Apr-Jun 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/21025429022022EN copy

Does the quality of the home environment influence the functional abilities of infants in early childhood?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The literature associates child development with the quality of the environment stimulation. However, few studies verify if this is associated with the infant’s functional abilities. This study aims to assess which opportunities in the home environment are associated with functional mobility skills and social function of infants in early childhood and explain them. This is a cross-sectional and exploratory study with 74 infants aged from six to 18 months. The affordances in the home environment motor development - infant scale instrument was used to evaluate the opportunities in the home environment. The pediatric evaluation of disability inventory was used to assess the infants’ functional abilities. We observed that infants’ mobility can be explained in 45.6% (Adjusted R²=0.45) and social function in 30% (Adjusted R²=0.30) by the amount of gross motor skills toys, equipment and variety of stimulation in the home environment. We concluded that positions, toys, and materials that keep the infant more restricted and less active have a negative effect. On the other hand, toys that offer greater displacement and interaction favor the functional mobility skills and social function.

Keywords:
Children; Functionality; Home

Variable	Characteristic	N	%
Sex	Male	36	48.6
Sex	Female	38	51.4
Gestational age	Preterm	10	13.5
Gestational age	Full term	64	86.5
Mother’s schooling	Complete elementary school	2	2.7
	Complete high school	35	47.3
	Higher education	37	50
Father’s schooling	Complete elementary school	8	10.8
	Complete high school	41	55.4
	Higher education	25	33.8
Number of siblings	None	49	66.2
	One	16	21.6
	Two or more	9	12.2

AHEMD-IS:	Characteristic	N	%
Physical Space	Inadequate	16	21.6
	Inadequate	16	21.6
	Adequate	27	36.5
	Excellent	15	20.3
Variety of stimulation	Inadequate	33	44.6
	Inadequate	19	25.7
	Adequate	12	16.2
	Excellent	10	13.5
Toys - fine motor skills	Inadequate	22	29.7
	Inadequate	23	31.1
	Adequate	23	31.1
	Excellent	6	8.1
Toys - gross motor skills	Inadequate	6	8.1
	Inadequate	18	24.3
	Adequate	36	48.6
	Excellent	14	18.9
Total	Inadequate	11	14.9
	Inadequate	27	36.5
	Adequate	23	31.1
	Excellent	13	17.6

Functional Abilities		Univariate			Multivariate
Functional Abilities		B	β	p	B	β	p
Mobility					Adjusted R² = 0.456 (p<0.001)
	Rocking chairs and activity station for infants	−11.81	−0.44	0.000**	−6.95	−0.26	0.008*
	Amount of time awake playing in prone	−4.78	−0.41	0.000**	−4.68	−0.40	0.000**
	Amount of time awake in the crib or fenced	−4.27	−0.37	0.001*	2.72	0.21	-
	Cars and other toys that can be pulled or pushed	4.81	0.36	0.001*	3.29	0.24	0.027*
	Balls of different sizes, textures, colors and shapes	4.28	0.31	0.008*	−3.624	−0.19	0.010*
	Toys suspended above or next to the infant	−6.16	−0.33	0.004*	-	-	0.041*
	Manipulable toys, such as rattles	−4.07	−0.26	0.025*	-	-	-
	Dolls and other characters with accessories	3.05	0.42	0.030*	-	-	-
Social function					Adjusted R² = 0.30 (p<0.001)
	Balls of different sizes, textures, colors, and shapes.	3.35	0.42	0.000**	3.13	0.39	0.000**
	Dolls and other characters with accessories (bottle, helmet, furniture, etc.)	2.96	0.57	0.002*	-	-	-
	Rocking chairs for infants, activity station, baby swings	−5.83	−0.38	0.001*	−4.75	−0.31	0.003*
	Cars and other toys that can be pulled or pushed	2.41	0.32	0.006*	-	-	-
	Amount of time awake playing in prone	−1.58	−3.38	0.040*	−1.52	−0.22	0.026*
	Toys suspended above or next to the infant, mobiles and/or crib ornaments	−0.24	−0.31	0.006*	-	-	-
p<0.05; *p<0.001

Universidade de São Paulo Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos, 225 2° andar. , 05403-010 São Paulo SP / Brasil, Tel: 55 11 2661-7703, Fax 55 11 3743-7462 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revfisio@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding address: Rosane Luzia S. Morais - Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, 5000 - Diamantina (MG), Brazil - ZIP Code: 39100-000 - Email: rosane.morais@ufvjm.edu.br