Jovanovic; Schwarzer1616. Jovanovic B, Schwarzer G. The development of the grasp height effect as a measure of efficient action planning in children. J Exp Child Psychol. 2017;153:74-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.09.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.09.0...
|
2017 |
3, 5, and 21 years |
30 |
1- To pick up the bar on the middle shelf and to place it on another shelf (target shelf) on the starting position |
Phase 1: Different heights showed a weak influence in the 3-year-old group when compared with the other groups. |
Germany |
2.333 |
27 |
2- To pick up the bar on the target shelf and to put it on the starting position |
Phase 2: The height had greater influence in the groups of 3 and 5 year olds when compared with the group of adults. |
30 |
Jung; Kahrsb; Lockman1717. Jung W, Kahrsb BA, Lockman JJ. Manual action, fitting, and spatial planning: relating objects by young children. Cognition. 2016;134:128-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014...
|
2016 |
16-33 months |
30 |
1- To pick up the wooden rod on the table |
Older children showed more advanced spatial planning and improvements in coordination. |
New Orleans |
3.411 |
2 - To place the rod in a horizontally or vertically oriented slot located in the middle of the table |
Jongbloed-Pereboom, et al.1818. Jongbloed-Pereboom M, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Saraber-Schiphorst N, Crajé C, Steenbergen B. Anticipatory action planning increases from 3 to 10 years of age in typically developing children. J Exp Child Psychol. 2013;114(2):295-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.0...
|
2013 |
3-10 years |
351 |
To fit a wooden sword |
The planning ability was enhanced from 3 to 10 years old, showing a decreased improvement at 9 years old. |
Netherlands |
2.377 |
Scharoun; Bryden1111. Scharoun SM, Bryden PJ. The development of end- and beginning-state comfort in a cup manipulation task. Dev Psychobiol. 2014;56(3):407-20. doi: 10.1002/dev.21108 https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21108...
|
2013 |
3-12 years |
92 |
To manipulate a cup |
The end-state comfort appeared at 9 years old. |
Canada |
2.976 |
Knudsen et al.1212. Knudsen B, Henning A, Wunsch K, Weigelt M, Aschersleben G. The end-state comfort effect in 3- to 8-year-old children in two object manipulation tasks. Front Psychol. 2012;3:1-10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00445 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00445...
|
2012 |
3-8 years |
96 |
1- To manipulate a cup |
1- A 13% increase in the planning ability was observed at 3 years old and a 94% increase at 8 years old. |
Germany |
2.8 |
2- To transport and to fit a wooden bar |
2- 63% increase in the planning ability at 3 years old and a 100% increase at 8 years old. |
Jovanovic; Schwarzer1919. Jovanovic B, Schwarzer G. Learning to grasp efficiently: the development of motor planning and the role of observational learning. Vision Res. 2011;51:945-54. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.12...
|
2011 |
18, 24, and 42 months |
81 |
To transport and to fit a wooden bar vertically |
The children already used planning strategies at 18 months of age, with significant increase at 24 months. |
Germany |
2.137 |
Stockel; Hughes; Schack99. Stockel T, Hughes C, Schack T. Representation of grasp postures and anticipatory motor planning in children. Psychol Res. 2012;76(6):768-76. doi: 10.1007/s00426-011-0387-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-011-0387-...
|
2012 |
7-9 years |
36 |
To transport and to fit a wooden bar |
Planning ability is fully developed at 9 years old. |
Germany |
2.378 |
Thibaut; Toussaint1010. Thibaut JP, Toussaint L. Developing motor planning over ages. J Exp Child Psychol. 2010;105(1-2):116-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2009.10.0...
|
2010 |
4-10 years |
120 |
To transport and to fit a wooden bar |
Planning ability of motor skills develops gradually from 4 to 10 years old, but with a drop in the level of ability at 8 years old. |
France |
2.377 |
Weigelt; Schack2020. Weigelt M, Schack T. The development of end-state comfort planning in preschool children. J. Exp. Psychol. 2010;57(6):476-782. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000059 https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a00005...
|
2010 |
3-5 years |
51 |
To transport and to fit a wooden bar |
Gradual improvement in planning capacity: 18% at 3 years old, 45% at 4 years old, and 67% at 5 years old. |
Germany |
4.759 |
Adalbjornsson; Fischman; Rudisill88. Adalbjornsson CF, Fischman MG, Rudisill ME. The end-state comfort effect in young children. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2008;79(1):36-41. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2008.10599458 https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10...
|
2008 |
2-6 years |
40 |
To manipulate a cup |
Only 11 out of 40 children were able to plan their action according to the end-state comfort. No difference between ages was observed. |
United States |
1.108 |
Manoel; Moreira1313. Manoel EJ, Moreira CRP. Planning manipulative hand movements: do young children show the end-state comfort effect? J Hum Mov Stud. 2005;49:93-114.
|
2005 |
2,5-6 years |
40 |
1- To transport and to fit a cylindrical wooden bar; |
The children did not demonstrate planning ability according to the end-state comfort, even when the task demanded higher precision level (task 2). |
Brazil |
0.06 |
2- To transport and to fit a semicylindrical wooden bar |
McCarty; Clifton; Collard2121. McCarty ME, Clifton RK, Collard RR. Problem solving in infancy: the emergence of an action plan. Dev Psychol. 1999;35(4):1091-101. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.1091 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.1...
|
1999 |
9, 14, and 19 months |
36 |
To grasp a spoon and to feed himself |
At 19 months old, the children altered the hand (right or left) to grasp a spoon according to the start position. |
United States |
2.976 |