| Vertical inheritance |
Uniparental inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes |
Several examples are described in Hurst (1995)Hurst LD (1995) Selfish genetic elements and their role in evolution: The evolution of sex and some of what that entails. Phil Trans R Soc B-Biol Sci 349:321-332.
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Vertical transmission of endosymbionts |
Reviewed in Baumann (2005)Baumann P (2005) Biology of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects. Annu Rev Microbiol 59:155-189.; Fukatsu and Hosokawa (2002)Fukatsu T and Hosokawa T (2002) Capsule-transmitted gut symbiotic bacterium of the Japanese common plataspid stinkbug, Megacopta punctatissima. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:389-396. show an example of transmission via symbiont capsule in stinkbugs; Hoffmann et al. (2011)Hoffmann AA, Montgomery BL, Popovici J, Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Johnson PH, Muzzi F, Greenfield M, Durkan M, Leong YS, Dong Y, et al. (2011) Successful establishment of Wolbachia in Aedes populations to suppress dengue transmission. Nature 476:454-457. show an application in the control of mosquito vectorial competence; Mira and Moran (2002)Mira A and Moran NA (2002) Estimating population size and transmission bottlenecks in maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria. Microb Ecol 44:137-143. describe Buchnera population bottlencks after their vertical transmission in aphids; Ochman et al. (1999)Ochman H, Elwyn S and Moran NA (1999) Calibrating bacterial evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:12638-12643. find that the rates of molecular evolution in vertically transmitted endosymbionts is ramarkably similar. |
| Horizontal inheritance |
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) |
Keeling and Palmer (2008)Keeling PJ and Palmer JD (2008) Horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotic evolution. Nat Rev Genet 9:605-618. and Schaack et al (2010)Schaack S, Gilbert C and Feschotte C (2010) Promiscuous DNA: Horizontal transfer of transposable elements and why it matters for eukaryotic evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 25:537-546. review HGT in eukaryotes; Koonin et al (2001)Koonin EV, Makarova KS and Aravind L (2001) Horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes: Quantification and classification. Annu Rev Microbiol 55:709-742. review HGT in prokaryotes; Koonin (2016)Koonin EV (2016) Viruses and mobile elements as drivers of evolutionary transitions. Phil Trans R Soc B-Biol Sci 371:20150442. discusses the roles of HGT in major evolutionary transitions; McDaniel et al. (2010)McDaniel LD, Young E, Delaney J, Ruhnau F, Ritchie KB and Paul JH (2010) High frequency of horizontal gene transfer in the oceans. Science 330:50-50. estimate the rate of HGT mediated by GTAs in the oceans; Pombert et al (2015)Pombert J-F, Haag KL, Beidas S, Ebert D and Keeling PJ (2015) The Ordospora colligata genome: Evolution of extreme reduction in Microsporidia and host-to-parasite horizontal gene transfer. mBio 6:e02400-14. show an example of host to parasite HGT. |
Horizontal transmission of symbionts |
d’Enfert (2009)d’Enfert C (2009) Hidden killers: Persistence of opportunistic fungal pathogens in the human host. Curr Opin Microbiol 12:358-364. reviews the survival strategies of Candida; Franzenburg et al. (2013)Franzenburg S, Fraune S, Altrock PM, Künzel S, Baines JF, Traulsen A and Bosch TC (2013) Bacterial colonization of Hydra hatchlings follows a robust temporal pattern. ISME J 7:781-790. describe the developmental pattern of microbiota colonization in Hydra; Geissbühler et al. (2009)Geissbühler Y, Kannady K, Chaki PP, Emidi B, Govella NJ, Mayagaya V, Kiama M, Mtasiwa D, Mshinda H, Lindsay SW, et al. (2009) Microbial larvicide application by a large-scale, community-based program reduces malaria infection prevalence in urban Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS One 4:e5107. shows an application that kills mosquito vectors; Harman et al. (2004)Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I and Lorito M (2004) Trichoderma species - opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nat Rev Micro 2:43-56. review the biology of Thichoderma opportunistic symbionts of plants; Hogenhout et al (2008)Hogenhout SA, Oshima K, Ammar E-D, Kakizawa S, Kingdom HN and Namba S (2008) Phytoplasmas: Bacteria that manipulate plants and insects. Mol Plant Pathol 9:403-423. review the biology of opportunistic phytoplasma symbionts of plants and insects; Janson et al. (2010)Janson EM, Peeden ER, Stireman JO and Abbot P (2010) Symbiont-mediated phenotypic variation without co-evolution in an insect-fungus association. J Evol Biol 23:2212-2228. show the evolutionary pattern of gall forming fungi harvested and transmitted by midges; Nyholm and McFall-Ngai (2004)Nyholm SV and McFall-Ngai M (2004) The winnowing: establishing the squid-vibrio symbiosis. Nat Rev Micro 2:632-642. review the squid-vibrio symbiosis responsible for bioluminescence; Powell et al (2014)Powell JE, Martinson VG, Urban-Mead K and Moran NA (2014) Routes of acquisition of the gut microbiota of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:7378-7387. characterize the developmental pattern of microbiota colonization of the honeybee gut. |
| Vertical and horizontal inheritance |
Transposable elements (TEs) |
Hof et al. (2016)Hof AE van’t, Campagne P, Rigden DJ, Yung CJ, Lingley J, Quail MA, Hall N, Darby AC and Saccheri IJ (2016) The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element. Nature 534:102-105. shows that the mutation causing melanism in British peppered moths is caused by a TE; Hollister and Gaut (2009)Hollister JD and Gaut BS (2009) Epigenetic silencing of transposable elements: A trade-off between reduced transposition and deleterious effects on neighboring gene expression. Genome Res 19:1419-1428. characterize the interplay between epigenetic and evolutionary forces against TE expansion; Kidwell and Lisch (2000)Kidwell MG and Lisch DR (2000) Transposable elements and host genome evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 15:95-99. review the evidence of beneficial effects of TEs on host genomes; Scavariello et al. (2017)Scavariello C, Luchetti A, Martoni F, Bonandin L and Mantovani B (2017) Hybridogenesis and a potential case of R2 non-LTR retrotransposon horizontal transmission in Bacillus stick insects (Insecta Phasmida). Sci Rep 7:41946. show an example of TE HGT in insects; Silva et al. (2004)Silva JC, Loreto EL and Clark JB (2004) Factors that affect the horizontal transfer of transposable elements. Curr Issues Mol Biol 6:57-71. characterize factors involved in the HGT of TEs. |
Mixed modes of symbiont transmission |
Díaz et al. (2016)Díaz S, Villavicencio B, Correia N, Costa J and Haag KL (2016) Triatomine bugs, their microbiota and Trypanosoma cruzi: Asymmetric responses of bacteria to an infected blood meal. Parasites Vectors 9:636. demonstrate that the infection of triatomines with Trypanosoma cruzi mostly affect the environmentally acquired insect symbionts; Ebert (2013)Ebert D (2013) The epidemiology and evolution of symbionts with mixed-mode transmission. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 44:623-643. provides an extensive review of symbioses with mixed modes of transmission; Koch and Schmid-Hempel (2012)Koch H and Schmid-Hempel P (2012) Gut microbiota instead of host genotype drive the specificity in the interaction of a natural host-parasite system. Ecol Lett 15:1095-1103. show that gut microbiota of bumble bees can account for the specificity of interactions between the insect and tripanosomatids; Nováková et al. (2009)Nováková E, Hypsa V and Moran NA (2009) Arsenophonus, an emerging clade of intracellular symbionts with a broad host distribution. BMC Microbiology 9:143. describe the evolution of Arsenophonus, a highly diverse clade of symbionts with heterogeneous life styles. |
| Inheritance of acquired characteristics |
Epigenetic inheritance and some cases of HGT |
Jablonka and Lamb (1999)Jablonka E and Lamb MJ (1999) Epigenetic Inheritance and Evolution: The Lamarckian Dimension. Oxford University Press, New York, 335 p. provide an extensive review of epigenetic inheritance arguing that it constitues a case of Lamarckian evolution; Koonin and Wolf (2009)Koonin EV and Wolf YI (2009) Is evolution Darwinian or/and Lamarckian? Biol Direct 4:42. define what they call quasi-Lamarckian, Lamarckian and Darwinian evolution. |
New, non-random (adaptive) symbiont acquisition |
Brown et al. (2014)Brown AMV, Huynh LY, Bolender CM, Nelson KG and McCutcheon JP (2014) Population genomics of a symbiont in the early stages of a pest invasion. Mol Ecol 23:1516-1530. suggest that stinkbugs adapted to a new foodplant through the acquisition of a new symbiont by host switching. |
