Radical |
Creation of a new set of characteristics. |
Gallouj & Weinstein (1997)Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 26(4), 537-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00030-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)...
; Gallouj (2002)Gallouj, F. (2002). Innovation in the service economy: the new wealth of nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
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Ameliorative |
Improvement of the quality of a product or process. |
Gallouj & Weinstein (1997)Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 26(4), 537-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00030-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)...
; Gallouj (2002)Gallouj, F. (2002). Innovation in the service economy: the new wealth of nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
|
Incremental |
Addition or elimination of characteristics. |
Gallouj & Weinstein (1997)Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 26(4), 537-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00030-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)...
; Gallouj (2002)Gallouj, F. (2002). Innovation in the service economy: the new wealth of nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
|
Ad hoc |
Production or codification and formalization of new competencies. |
Gallouj & Weinstein (1997)Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 26(4), 537-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00030-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)...
; Gallouj (2002)Gallouj, F. (2002). Innovation in the service economy: the new wealth of nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
|
Recombinative |
Combination or fragmentation of a group of characteristics. |
Gallouj & Weinstein (1997)Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 26(4), 537-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00030-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)...
; Gallouj (2002)Gallouj, F. (2002). Innovation in the service economy: the new wealth of nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
|
Formalization |
Formatting and standardization of characteristics. |
Gallouj & Weinstein (1997)Gallouj, F., & Weinstein, O. (1997). Innovation in services. Research Policy, 26(4), 537-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00030-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)...
; Gallouj (2002)Gallouj, F. (2002). Innovation in the service economy: the new wealth of nations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
|
Barras’model |
Theory focused on technological innovation derived from the service industries. This model is primarily concerned with materials technologies. |
Gallouj (1998)Gallouj, F. (1998). Innovation in reverse services and the reverse product cycle. European Journal of Innovation Management, 1(3), 123-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14601069810230207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14601069810230...
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Linear innovation |
Linked to the inputs dedicated to research and development: the greater the human, material and financial resources allocated to the process, the greater will be the production of inventions and innovations. |
Viotti (2003)Viotti, E. B. (2003). Fundamentos e evolução dos indicadores de CT&I. Paraná: IBQP-PR.
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Innovation starting with basic research, followed by applied research and development, and ending with production and distribution. |
Moreira & Vargas (2009)Moreira, M. F., & Vargas, E. R. (2009). Compras governamentais e inovação em serviços de software. In Anais do 33º Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Administração. São Paulo.
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Chain-Linked |
The result of a process of interaction between market opportunities and a firm’s knowledge and training base, involving sub-processes within the stages of marketing and invention and design. |
Viotti (2003)Viotti, E. B. (2003). Fundamentos e evolução dos indicadores de CT&I. Paraná: IBQP-PR.
|
There is not just one single path of activity, but five, which are the possible routes to development of innovations. |
Moreira & Vargas (2009)Moreira, M. F., & Vargas, E. R. (2009). Compras governamentais e inovação em serviços de software. In Anais do 33º Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Administração. São Paulo.
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Systemic model of Innovation |
Firms do not innovate in isolation, they are part of a system of direct or indirect relationships with other firms, and efforts are centered on measurement of flows of HR, information and knowledge. |
Viotti (2003)Viotti, E. B. (2003). Fundamentos e evolução dos indicadores de CT&I. Paraná: IBQP-PR.
|
Firms do not innovate in isolation, but in the context of a system of networks of direct or indirect relationships. |
Moreira & Vargas (2009)Moreira, M. F., & Vargas, E. R. (2009). Compras governamentais e inovação em serviços de software. In Anais do 33º Encontro da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Administração. São Paulo.
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Technological Learning |
Absorbs the technological capacity of production and acquire mastery over the technology assimilated when the capacity for improvement is developed. |
Viotti (2003)Viotti, E. B. (2003). Fundamentos e evolução dos indicadores de CT&I. Paraná: IBQP-PR.
|