The article analyzes conflicts and interests at one of Rio Grande de Sul’s main centers for medical science, the Faculdade de Medicina de Porto Alegre. It explores the meaning and impact of the emergence of this specific, exclusive field of knowledge in a state where positivist principles of professional freedom were adopted by successive administrations during the early period of the Republic. Physicians there launched an entrenched war to uphold the principles of science over faith and politics, challenging the positivism of the party which held power in Rio Grande do Sul throughout these years. This perspective grew and developed in a climate of conflict and doubts among physicians, positivists, and positivist physicians, within a political context that differed from the rest of Brazil.
positivism; medicine; science; Rio Grande do Sul