THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM: A CULTURAL HISTORY VIEWPOINT AND THE MODERNIZATION OF THE ARITHMETICS TEACHING IN PARANÁ’S STATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE EARLY XX^TH CENTURY

EL CURRÍCULO ESCOLAR DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA DE LA HISTORIA CULTURAL Y LA MODERNIZACIÓN DE LA ENSEÑANZA DE ARITMÉTICA EN ESCUELAS PRIMARIAS DEL ESTADO DE PARANÁ A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XX

LE CURRICULUM SCOLAIRE DU POINT DE VUE DE L'HISTOIRE CULTURELLE ET DE LA MODERNISATION DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT DES ARITHMÉTIQUES DANS LES ÉCOLES PRIMAIRES DE L'ÉTAT DE PARANÁ AU DÉBUT DU XXE SIÈCLE

ABSTRACT

From the viewpoint of cultural history, this paper analyzes disputes about purposes and methods for teaching arithmetic’s in Paraná’s state primary schools, as published in the magazine A Escola (The School) in the early XXth century. It highlights behind-the-scenes speeches by intellectuals who advocated a laic and free primary education, in which the main issue, besides of the pedagogical order, was also social and political, an aspect generally absent in the curriculum guidelines.

Keywords:
curriculum history; cultural history; history of school disciplines; arithmetic purposes; arithmetic teaching method