Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Silva, Gustavo O.; Andrade-Lima, Aluísio; Germano-Soares, Antônio Henrique; Lima-Junior, Dalton de; Rodrigues, Sergio L. C.; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.; Farah, Breno Q.

doi:10.5935/2359-4802.20190092

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International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Int J Cardiovasc Sci 33 (02) • Mar-Apr 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5935/2359-4802.20190092 copy

Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background

Hypertensive patients present, in addition to worse cardiovascular health, lower health-related quality of life compared to normotensive subjects. Factors such as functional capacity, functional status, pain, participation in social activities, mental and emotional health, fatigue and energy level, along with perception of general health, seem to be relevant for evaluation in this population. However, evidence is unclear in hypertensive patients.

Objective

To analyze the factors associated with quality of life in hypertensive patients.

Methods

Forty-five patients were recruited. The dependent variables of the present study are the quality of life domains. Demographic data and clinical conditions were considered independent variables. The Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. Handgrip strength, blood pressure and anthropometric indicators were evaluated. Crude and adjusted linear regression analysis was used.

Results

It was verified that education level, body mass index and muscle strength were associated with the functional capacity domain (p < 0,05), whereas systolic blood pressure was associated with the physical domain (p < 0,05). Women presented lower quality of life on the pain domain compared to men and educational level was associated with the social domain (p < 0,05).

Conclusion

Hypertensive patients with lower levels of body mass index, higher levels of education and muscle strength presented a better quality of life on the physical domain, while the social aspects presented a positive relationship with education level. Women presented a worse quality of life on the pain domain compared to men. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(2):133-142)

Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology; Hypertension; Vital capacity; Exercise; Quality of Life; Risk Factors

Variables	Values
Demographic
Sex (% women)	70,5
Age (years)	57,7 ± 9,7
Educational level (years of study)	9,5 ± 3,1
Clinical parameters
Hypertension time (months)	12,4 ± 9,3
Medications (units)	1,8 ± 0,7
SBP (mmHg)	132,0 ± 16,3
DBP (mmHg)	74,4 ± 9,6
Health-related physical fitness
Muscle strength (kgf)	31,7 ± 10,5
Body mass index (kg/m²)	30,7 ± 5,3
Quality of life
Functional capacity (score)	75,9 ± 21,6
Physical aspects (score)	70,1 ± 38,2
Pain (score)	29,4 ± 21,3
General health (score)	56,3 ± 10,6
Vitality (score)	54,4 ± 12,3
Social aspects (score)	48,2 ± 11,2
Emotional aspects (score)	77,3 ± 38,5
Mental health (score)	57,1 ± 10,3

Variables	Functional Capacity				Physical Aspects				Pain				General Health

	Crude		Adjusted¹		Crude		Adjusted²		Crude		Adjusted³		Crude		Adjusted

	b	p	b	p	b	p	b	p	b	p	b	p	b	p	b	p
Demographic
Sex (% women)	0.229	0.047	ns	ns	0.208	0.072	ns	ns	-0.233	0.043	-0.243	0.043	-0.169	0.149	ns	ns
Age (years)	-0.040	0.732	-	-	0.008	0.944			0.043	0.717			-0.126	0.291	ns	ns
Educational level (years)	0.183	0.135	0.231	0.044	0.011	0.932			-0.107	0.387			0.101	0.417
Clinical parameters and physical fitness
Hypertension time (years)	-0.071	0.549	-	-	0.056	0.638			-0.164	0.165	ns	ns	0.003	0.980
Medications (units)	-0.016	0.890	-	-	-0.191	0.105	ns	ns	-0.019	0.875			-0.080	0.509
SBP (mmHg)	-0.074	0.539	-	-	0.282	0.017	0.282	0.017	-0.146	0.226	ns	ns	0.025	0.838
DBP (mmHg)	0.093	0.440	-	-	0.137	0.254	ns	ns	-0.157	0.191	ns	ns	-0.003	0.981
Muscle strength (kgf)	0.236	0.042	0.290	0.011	0.184	0.114	ns	ns	-0.189	0.104	ns	ns	-0.202	0.085	ns	ns
Body mass index (kg/m²)	-0.302	0.007	-0.390	0.001	-0.134	0.243	ns	ns	0.175	0.126	ns	ns	0.193	0.095	ns	ns

Variables	Vitality				Social aspects				Emotional aspects				Mental Health

	Crude		Adjusted		Crude		Adjusted¹		Crude		Adjusted		Crude		Adjusted

	b	p	b	p	b	p	b	P	b	p	b	p	b	p	b	P
Demographic
Sex (% women)	0.121	0.300	ns	ns	0.093	0.426			0.034	0.773			-0.073	0.535
Age (years)	0.017	0.885			-0.013	0.916			0.120	0.308			0.174	0.141	ns	ns
Educational level (years)	0.150	0.227	ns	ns	0.344	0.004	0.332	0.006	0.036	0.770			-0.027	0.829
Clinical parameter and physical fitness
Hypertension time (years)	-0.079	0.507			0.153	0.196	ns	ns	-0.076	0.253	ns	ns	0.023	0.848
Medications (units)	-0.107	0.371			-0.121	0.306			-0.179	0.130	ns	ns	-0.115	0.335
SBP (mmHg)	0.030	0.807			-0.030	0.805			0.136	0.259	ns	ns	0.061	0.617
DBP (mmHg)	-0.041	0.735			-0.042	0.730			-0.082	0.497			-0.035	0.771
Muscle strength (kgf)	0.073	0.537			0.053	0.649	ns	ns	0.017	0.886			-0.162	0.167	ns	ns
Body mass index (kg/m²)	0.067	0.565			0.131	0.253			-0.067	0.559			-0.208	0.069	ns	ns

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