Percepción de los gestores públicos sobre la sostenibilidad de megaeventos deportivos: el caso de la Copa del Mundo de 2014 en Brasil

Vasconcelos, César Ricardo Maia de; Macedo Filho, Fernando Cabral de

doi:10.20435/inter.v21i2.2103

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Articles • Interações (Campo Grande) 21 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.20435/inter.v21i2.2103 copiar

Percepción de los gestores públicos sobre la sostenibilidad de megaeventos deportivos: el caso de la Copa del Mundo de 2014 en Brasil

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumen:

La realización de la Copa del Mundo de 2014 en Brasil generó transformaciones significativas en las ciudades que la albergaron. Estas modificaciones hicieron surgir preocupaciones sobre la sostenibilidad de un megaevento deportivo. El presente estudio se destinó a comprender la sostenibilidad resultante de la realización de la Copa del Mundo en Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, RN, a partir de la visión de gestores públicos locales. En este sentido, esta investigación descriptiva, cuyos datos fueron analizados indutivamente, se utilizó de entrevista semiabierta compuesta de 24 preguntas semiestructuradas para obtener informaciones de los gestores públicos de las esferas municipal y estatal vinculados al evento. Como resultado, se percibió por parte de los gestores involucrados que la Copa del Mundo de 2014 en Natal, RN, no atendió a la sostenibilidad y tampoco dejó efectos de sostenibilidad. Se observó también que la ausencia de sostenibilidad se dio en razón de la inexistencia de planificaciones y proyectos técnicos adecuados, así como por la falta de organización y participación de la sociedad en la planificación y seguimiento de las obras y acciones necesarias para su realización. Entre las propuestas de nuevos trabajos se recomendó analizar cómo los gestores públicos y las disposiciones normativas están tratando la sostenibilidad en la planificación y en los proyectos para la realización de otros megaeventos deportivos, la Copa Mundial de la FIFA de 2018 en Francia y la Copa del Mundo de 2022 en Qatar.

Palabras clave:
gestores públicos; sostenibilidad; participación social

Normative type	No./Year	Content
Ordinary Laws	12,663/2012	Essential definitions and concepts for the realization of the 2014 World Cup: Protection and exploitation of commercial rights; Rules and procedures for visa concessions; the Union’s civil liability before FIFA; Ticket marketing for the matches; Access to the official competition venues; Social campaigns during the matches; Penal provisions for Law infringements.
	12,462/2011	Established the Public Procurements’ Differentiated Regime – exclusive for contracts and bids necessary for the realization of the 2014 World Cup.
	12,402/2011	Regulates the compliance of tax obligation by consortiums which hire private individuals and legal entities.
	12,350/2010	Tax policies related to the realization of the 2014 World Cup.
	12,348/2010	City’ debt limitation in loan operations.
	12,309/2010	Monthly online statement disclosure of the actions and the expenses turned to the realization of the 2014 World Cup.
Normative Decision	510/2010	Special Tax Regime for stadiums’ construction, expansion, renovation or modernization.
Decrees	7,783/2012	Foreigners’ visa concession and validity; Tickets’ sale and flow; Adequacy and accessibility for disabled people.
	7,581/2011	Regulation of the Differentiated Regime Hiring.
	7,531/2011	Privatization of relevant airports.
	7,319/2010	Regulation and application of the Special Tax Regime.
	7,081/2010	Authorization for policemen and firefighters’ training.
	7,034/2009	Regulation of online disclosure of data and information pertaining the 2014 World Cup.
	No./No., from 26/07/2011	Changes the decree from 14 January 2010, which establishes the Managing Committee should define, pass and supervise the actions defined by the Brazilian Government Actions’ Strategic Plan for the realization of the 2014 World Cup.
	No./No., from 14/01/2010	Creates the Managing Committee to define, pass and supervise the actions defined by the Brazilian Government Actions’ Strategic Plan for the realization of the 2014 World Cup, among other measures.
Ordinances	571/2010	Implementation of transparency measures from the Federal Government’s actions.
	303/2012	Appointment of the participating members of the 2014 World Cup’s Executive Group (GECOPA).
	57/2012	Planning and execution of activities in the Brazilian scope of intelligence in major events.
Normative Institutions	62/2010	Control of the Federal Court of Auditors over the federal resources intended to the 2014 World Cup.
	1,293/2012	Tax handling and temporary admission of foreign goods during the 2014 World Cup.
	1,313/2012	Rules over accessory tax obligations for legal entities.
	12/2013	Importation of goods of animal and vegetal origin, from other countries, for use or consumption during the 2014 World Cup events.
Resolutions	1	Authorization of the Brazil Promotion Plan.
	2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26	Authorization of the Responsibility Matrix revision.
	3 and 4	Authorization of the activities of the General Union Budget; and criteria necessary for approval.
	5, 12 and 16	Selection of projects that are part of the Federal Government’s Official Program for the realization of the 2014 World Cup.
	10	Authorization of the Integrated Communication Plan for the 2014 World Cup.
	14	Authorization of the Tourism Plan for the 2014 World Cup.
	20 and 21	Administration of the operation of the Federal Government for the 2014 World Cup – Theme Areas and Work Groups.

Scope	Entity	MPPE	MI	MME	SM	SNM	IPP	DAC	SP	FIFA	PR
State	Extraordinary Department for World Cup-related issues.	X	X	X	X					X	X
	Department of Economic Development	X	X	X		X	X	X			X
	Department of Tourism	X	X	X		X	X			X	X
	Institute of Economic Development and Environment	X
Local	Department of Public Works	X	X			X	X
	Department of Urban Mobility	X	X			X		X	X
	Department of Environment and Urbanization	X	X			X				X
	Department of Sport and Leisure	X		X
	Department of Tourism	X	X	X		X	X	X		X	X
	No. of participating managers	9	7	5	1	6	4	3	1	4	4
Remarks: MPPE: Managers who took part in the planning or execution of the 2014 World Cup. MI: Managers interviewed. MME: Participating managers who mentioned Natal’s media exposure to the world with a relevant factor. SM: Interviewee stated that the World Cup sustainability in Natal was met. SNM: Interviewees stated the World Cup sustainability in Natal was not met. IPP: Interviewees stated that the lack of sustainability happened due to the inexistence of technical projects and planning. DAC: Interviewees favorably mentioned the construction of the Dunas Arena stadium and the transport complex around it, and see the constructions as environmentally sustainable. SP: Interviewees stated that the lack of sustainability in the World Cup in Natal was due to the lack of social participation, both in the planning and in the execution of works. FIFA: Interviewees admit that FIFA brought sustainability results to Natal. PR: Interviewed managers ensured that the realization of the 2014 World Cup in Natal brought positive results.

Universidade Católica Dom Bosco Av. Tamandaré, 6000 - Jd. Seminário, 79117-900 Campo Grande- MS - Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 67) 3312-3373/3377 - Campo Grande - MS - Brazil
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[1] César Ricardo Maia de Vasconcelos: Ph.D. in Administration from the Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble/France). Master’s in Business Administration from the Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble/France) and Management and Technology of Information Systems - Option: Gestion des Systèmes d’Information from Université de Genève (Switzerland). Professor and researcher at the Potiguar University (UnP), Post-Graduate Program in Administration. E-mail: cesarmvasconcelos@gmail.com, Orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0398-5733