Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of <i>Menenotus</i> (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

The neotropical Menenotus Laporte, 1832 includes M. lunatus and M. diminutus Walker, 1871. The genus has never been reviewed, and only the brief original descriptions were available so far. In this paper, we review Menenotus and describe, for the first time, genital traits of both sexes. Menenotus lunatus and M. diminutus are distinguishable by the shape of pronotum, the color pattern of connexivum, the extension of the cuplike sclerite, and the shape of the parameres, among other traits. In addition, Menenotus is compared with Euagona Dallas, 1852, which shares the prominent and curved humeri. These genera can be distinguished by the broader abdomen and the apparent connexivum in Menenotus. Their distribution pattern is different, with Euagona showing a more northern distribution in South America than Menenotus. We also updated the distribution records in Brazil, providing a map to the species of Menenotus.

KEYWORDS
Brazil; Euagona; Neotropics; redescription; systematics

Authorship

Diego D. Silveira

Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Dr. Salvador França 1427, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Museu de Ciências NaturaisBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, Brazil Museu de Ciências Naturais, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Dr. Salvador França 1427, 90690-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulBrazilPorto Alegre, RS, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-2294

Wanessa da S. Costa

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-8276

Aline Barcellos

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0603-926X

(silveiradiegodutra@gmail.com)

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (6)

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Figs 1-4.
Habitus of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (1, 2) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (3, 4). Red circles highlight posterolateral angles of pronotum. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

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Figs 5-12.
Pygophore in dorsal view (5, 9), phallus in lateral view (6, 10) and right paramere in ventral (7, 11) and dorsal view (8, 12) of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (5-8) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (9-12). Subtitle: cls, cuplike sclerite; dp, dorsal processes of conjunctiva; pr, paramere; vp, ventral process of conjunctiva; X, anal tube. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

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Figs 13-16.
Female genitalia Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (13, 14) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (15, 16) in ventral view. Subtitle: gs, ginatrium strap; ltVIII, laterotergites VIII; ltIX, laterotergites IX; p, plica; pf, posterior fibula; stVII, urosternite VII; sph, spermatheca; vaIX, valvulae IX; vfVIII, valvifers VIII; vfIX, valvifers IX. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

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Figs 17-20.
Valvulae and valvifer VIII in dorsal view (17, 19) and spermatheca in ventral view (18, 20) of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (17, 18) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (19, 20). Subtitle: af, anterior fibula; al, anterior leaflet; ap, apodeme; bb, bulb base; bu, bulb; dds, distal duct of the spermatheca; g, gonangulum; lp, lobular papillae; pds, proximal duct of the spermatheca; pep, proximal expansion of pump; prp, proximal rim of pump; s, setae; vaVIII, valvulae VIII; vfVIII, valvifers VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

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Fig. 21.
Distribution map of MenenotusLaporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55. species with the biogeographic domains according to Morrone (2013Morrone, J. J. 2013. Cladistic biogeography of the Neotropical region: identifying the main events in the diversification of the terrestrial biota. Cladistics 30(2):202-214.), based on literature and examined material.

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Figs 22-24.
Habitus of the type specimens of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.), female (MNHN) (22) described under the name Menenotus unicolorWestwood, 1842Westwood, J. O. 1842. A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, with short Latin descriptions of new species. Part II. London, J. C. Bridgewater. 26p. male (courtesy of Oxford University Museum of Natural History, OUMNH), currently junior synonym of M. lunatus (23); Menenotus diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. male (BMNH) (24). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figs 1-4. Habitus of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (1, 2) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (3, 4). Red circles highlight posterolateral angles of pronotum. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figs 5-12. Pygophore in dorsal view (5, 9), phallus in lateral view (6, 10) and right paramere in ventral (7, 11) and dorsal view (8, 12) of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (5-8) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (9-12). Subtitle: cls, cuplike sclerite; dp, dorsal processes of conjunctiva; pr, paramere; vp, ventral process of conjunctiva; X, anal tube. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Figs 13-16. Female genitalia Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (13, 14) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (15, 16) in ventral view. Subtitle: gs, ginatrium strap; ltVIII, laterotergites VIII; ltIX, laterotergites IX; p, plica; pf, posterior fibula; stVII, urosternite VII; sph, spermatheca; vaIX, valvulae IX; vfVIII, valvifers VIII; vfIX, valvifers IX. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figs 17-20. Valvulae and valvifer VIII in dorsal view (17, 19) and spermatheca in ventral view (18, 20) of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.) (17, 18) and M. diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. (19, 20). Subtitle: af, anterior fibula; al, anterior leaflet; ap, apodeme; bb, bulb base; bu, bulb; dds, distal duct of the spermatheca; g, gonangulum; lp, lobular papillae; pds, proximal duct of the spermatheca; pep, proximal expansion of pump; prp, proximal rim of pump; s, setae; vaVIII, valvulae VIII; vfVIII, valvifers VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 21. Distribution map of MenenotusLaporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55. species with the biogeographic domains according to Morrone (2013Morrone, J. J. 2013. Cladistic biogeography of the Neotropical region: identifying the main events in the diversification of the terrestrial biota. Cladistics 30(2):202-214.), based on literature and examined material.

Figs 22-24. Habitus of the type specimens of Menenotus lunatus (Laporte, 1832Laporte. F. L. 1832. Essaid’une classification systématique de l’ordre des Hémiptères (Hémiptères Hétéroptères, Latr.) Family Anisoscélites, Lygéites, and Coréites. Magasin de Zoologie, p. 1-88, plates 51-55.), female (MNHN) (22) described under the name Menenotus unicolorWestwood, 1842Westwood, J. O. 1842. A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, with short Latin descriptions of new species. Part II. London, J. C. Bridgewater. 26p. male (courtesy of Oxford University Museum of Natural History, OUMNH), currently junior synonym of M. lunatus (23); Menenotus diminutusWalker, 1871Walker, F. 1871. Catalogue of the specimens of Hemiptera Heteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London, British Museum. 211p. male (BMNH) (24). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

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Taxonomy, morphology, and new distribution data of <i>Menenotus</i> (Coreidae, Coreinae, Spartocerini)

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[1] (silveiradiegodutra@gmail.com)