Brachioradialis |
O: lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus |
Procyonids, mustelids, a ursid (U. americanus), and felids (Caracal, Acynonyx and Leopardus) |
O: proximal third of the humerus |
Mustelids (Family Ictonychidae), and felids (Panthera and Leopardus) |
O: middle third of the humerus |
Mustelid (G. cuja) and felids |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
Mustelid (T. taxus) |
Two heads |
Ailurus and ursids (but U. americanus) |
I: cranial surface of the radius |
Herpestids (I. albicauda and H. ichneumon) |
I: proximal row of the carpus |
Felids (L. pardalis, L. geoffroyi and P. onca) |
I: flexor retinaculum |
A felid (L. pardalis) |
Absent or vestigial |
Canids, hyaenids, viverrids (Civettictis), and a felid (Acynonyx) |
Extensor carpi radialis |
Single muscle |
A mustelid (G. cuja), Ailurus, ursids (Ursus), canids, hyaenids, herpestids, viverrids, and felids (C. caracal, A. jubatus and L. lynx) |
Partly fused |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus and N. nasua) and felids (F. catus, L. pardalis, P. leo, P. uncia, P. tigris, and L. lynx) |
Double muscle (Extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis) |
Procyonids (P. lotor, P. flavus and N. narica), mustelids (M. foina, M. martes, M. meles and as anatomical variant in G. cuja), Ailurus (only as an anatomical variant), and a ursid (A. melanoleuca)
|
O: adjacent intermuscular septum |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus and P. flavus) and canids (C. l. familiaris and C. thous) |
O: articular capsule of the elbow joint |
A canid (Cerdocyon thous) |
O: Fused with the m. extensor digitorum communis |
Felids (L. pardalis and as an anatomical variant in P. tigris) and mustelids (M. americana and P. pennanti) |
Extensor digitorum communis |
O: lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus |
Procyonids (P. lotor, N. nasua and N. narica), mustelids (M. foina, M. martes, M. americana and P. pennanti), a ursid (A. melanoleuca), felids (L. pardalis, A. jubatus, P. leo, P. uncia, and P. tigris), herpestids and viverrids (Genetta) |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
A procyonid (P. flavus), a mustelid (T. taxus), Ailurus, ursids (Ursus), canids, felids, hyaenids and viverrids (Civettictis) |
O: lateral supracondylar crest and epicondyle of the humerus |
A procyonid (P. cancrivorus), and mustelids (G. cuja and E. lutris) |
O: antebrachial fascia |
A procyonid (P. cancrivorus) and canids (C. l. familiaris and C. thous) |
O: intermuscular adjacent septa |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus and P. flavus), canids (C. l. familiaris and C. thous), and a hyaenid (C. crocuta) |
O: fused with the m. extensor carpi radialis brevis |
Felid (L. pardalis and as an anatomical variant in P. tigris) and mustelids (M. americana and P. pennanti) |
Tendon to the digit I as an anatomical variant |
Procyonid (P. cancrivorus), mustelid (M. foina), and felids (P. leo and L. lynx) |
Extensor digitorum lateralis |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
Procyonids (P. lotor and Nasua), mustelids (M. foina and M. martes), ursids (Ursus), a canid (L. gymnocercus) and felids |
O: lateral supracondylar crest |
Felids (C. caracal, L. pardalis, P. onca and P. concolor) |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and lateral collateral ligament |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus and P. flavus), and canids (C. l. familiaris, C. thous, and L. pictus) |
Double muscle |
A procyonid (N. narica), and mustelids (Aonyx, G. cuja, and T. taxus) |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and radius |
Mustelids (M. americana and P. penannti) and a hyaenid (H.hyaenae) |
O: lateral epicondyle and condyle of the humerus |
Ursid (A. melanoleuca) |
O: antebrachial fascia |
A procyonid (P. cancrivorus) and a canid (C. thous) |
O: intermuscular adjacent septum |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus and P. flavus) and a canid (C. thous) |
Absence of the tendon to the digit III |
Mustelids (M. martes, M. foina and E. lutra), ursid (A. melanoleuca), canids (C. alpinus, V. vulpes, and as anatomical variant in L. gymnocercus), herpestids, viverrids (but C. civetta), and hyaenids |
Presence of a tendon to the digit II |
Felids (F. catus, P. tigris and L. pardalis) |
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus), mustelids, ursids, Ailurus, canids, felids, herpestids, hyaenids, and viverrids |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and articular capsule of the elbow |
Procyonid (P. flavus), mustelid (G. cuja), and a felid (L. pardalis) |
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna |
Procyonids (N. narica, as an anatomical variant in P. cancrivorus and P. flavus), felid (L. lynx), viverrids (Genetta) |
I: metacarpal bone V and accessory carpal bone |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus, and P. flavus, and as anatomical variant in P. lotor), mustelids (but T. taxus, M. martes and M. foina), Ailurus, canids , felids (but L. lynx, L. pardalis, P. uncia and P. tigris), herpestids, and viverrids |
I: metacarpal bone V and extensor retinaculum |
Felid (L. lynx) and a hyaenid (Proteles) |
Abductor digiti I longus |
Absence of the origin from the radius |
Procyonid (Nasua as an anatomical variant), a mustelid (E. barbara), and a felid (P. concolor) |
Absence of the origin from the ulna |
A mustelid (T. taxus), and a viverrid (C. civetta) |
I: sesamoid bone and metacarpal bone I |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus, Nasua, P. flavus), mustelids (G. cuja, Aonyx, E. lutris, E. barbara and M. foina), Ailurus, canids, felids (L. pardalis, P. leo and P. tigris), hyaenids and a viverrid (C. civetta) |
I: only onto sesamoid bone |
A ursid (A. melanoleuca) and a mustelid (M. foina as an anatomical variant) |
I: carpal bone I |
A mustelid (E. barbara) and a felid (L. lynx as an anatomical variant) |
I: radial carpal bone |
Procyonids (as an anatomical variant in P. flavus and P. lotor) |
Extensor digiti I et II |
Presence of a tendon to the digit III |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus, N. nasua and P. lotor), canids (as an anatomical variant in C. l. familiaris, C. thous, and L. gymnocercus), and a felid (P. tigris) |
A unique tendon to the digit II |
Hyaenids |
A unique tendon to the digit III |
Hyaenid (Proteles) |
Tendons only to the digits II and III |
A mustelid (L. vulgaris) |
Absent or fused to the abductor digiti I longus and sending tendon only to the digit I |
Ursids (Ursus) |
I: metacarpal bone I and tendon of the extensor digitorum communis to the digit II |
Canids (but C. alpinus and V. vulpes) |
I: distal phalanges of the digits I and II |
Canids (C. alpinus and V. vulpes) |
Supinator |
O: only from the lateral epicondyle |
A mustelid (E. lutra), canids (L. gymnocercus and C. thous), and felids |
O: lateral epicondyle and lateral collateral ligament |
Mustelids (M. americana, and P. pennanti,), canids and felids (L. lynx, A. jubatus, P. concolor) |
O: lateral epicondyle, lateral collateral and radial annular ligaments |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus, P. flavus and P. lotor) |
O: lateral collateral and radial annular ligaments |
A felid (L. pardalis), Ailurus and ursids |
O: articular capsule of the elbow joint and lateral collateral ligament |
Mustelid (G. cuja) |
I: proximal third of the radius |
Procyonids (P. cancrivorus and P. lotor), canids (L. gymnocercus and C. thous) and viverrids |
I: proximal two thirds of the radius |
Procyonids (Nasua, P. flavus and P. lotor), mustelids (M. americana, P. pennanti, G. cuja), felid (L. pardalis), herpestids |
I: proximal half of the radius |
Procyonid (P. flavus and P. lotor), mustelids (M. foina)
|
I: Along the radius |
Mustelid (T. taxus) |
I: distal third of the radius |
Mustelids (M. foina, M. martes and Aonyx), felid (P. onca) |
I: middle third |
Felid (P. concolor) |
I: proximal three quarters of the radius |
Mustelids (Mustela putorius, L. vulgaris A. cinereus, and E. lutris), and ursids |
I: proximal quarter of the radius |
Canids (C. l. familiaris and L. pictus), and a felid (A. jubatus) |