Evaluation of nacelle drag using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Trapp, Luis Gustavo; Argentieri, Henrique Gustavo

doi:10.5028/jatm.2010.02026410

Abstract:

Thrust and drag components must be defined and properly accounted in order to estimate aircraft performance, and this hard task is particularty essential for propulsion system where drag components are functions of engine operating conditions. The present work describes a numerical method used to calculate the drag in different nacelles, long and short ducted. Two- and three-dimensional calculations were performed, solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. It is then possible to obtain four drag components: wave, induced, viscous and spurious drag using a far-field formulation. An expression in terms of entropy variations was shown and drag for different nacelle geometries was estimated.

Keywords:
CFD; Drag; Engine; Nacelle; Propulsion

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REFERENCES

Applied Aerodynamics TC. 2nd AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop, June 21-22, 2003, Available in: http://aaac.larc.nasa.gov/tsab/cfdlarc/aiaa-dpw/Workshop2/workshop2.html Access on May 19, 2010.
» http://aaac.larc.nasa.gov/tsab/cfdlarc/aiaa-dpw/Workshop2/workshop2.html
Bencze, D.P., 1977, "Experimental Evaluation of Nacelle-Airframe Interference Forces and Pressures at Mach Numbers of 0.9 to 1.4", NASA Technical Memorandum X-3321, March 1977, Ames Research Center, United States.
Brodersen, O. et al., 2004, "Airbus, ONERA, and DLR Results from the 2nd AIAA Drag PredictionWorkshop", AIAA Paper No 2004-391, 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada.
Chao, D. D., van Dam, C. P., 1999, "Airfoil Drag Prediction and Decomposition", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 675-681.
Chao, D. D., van Dam, C. P., 2006, "Wing Drag Prediction and Decomposition", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 82-90.
ESDU, 2004, "Drag of Axisymmetry Cowls at Zero Incidence for Subsonic Mach Numbers", Item No. 81024, Engineering Sciences Data Unit.
Flamm. J. D., Wilcox Jr., F. J., 1995, "Drag Measurements of an Axisymmetric Nacelle Mounted on a Flat Plate at Supersonic Speeds", NASA Technical Memorandum 4660, June 1995, Langley Research Center, United States.
Li, J., Li, F., Qin E., 2000, "Numerical Simulation of Transonic Flow over Wing-Mounted Twin-Engine Transport Aircraft", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 37, No. 3, May-June 2000.
Oswatitsch, K., 1956, "Gas Dynamics", Academic Press Inc, New York, pp. 177-210.
Paparone, L., Tognaccini, R., 2002, "A Method for Drag Decomposition from CFD Calculations", ICAS 2002 Congress, pp 1113.1-1113.9.
Sloof, J. W., 1986, "Computational Drag Analysis and Minimization; Mission Impossible?", Proceedings of the Aircraft Drag Prediction and Minimization Symposium, AGARD R-723, Addendum 1.
Tognaccini, R., 2005, "Drag Computation and Breakdown in Power-on Conditions", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 245-252.
van Dam, C. P., 1999, "Recent Experience with Different Methods of Drag Prediction", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 35, pp. 751-798.
van der Vooren, J., Destarac, D., 2004, "Drag/Thrust Analysis of Jet-Propelled Transonic Transport Aircraft", Definition of Physical Drag Components, Aerospace Science and Techonolgy, Vol. 8, pp. 545-556.
van der Vooren, J., Sloof, J. W., 1990, "CFD-Based Drag Prediction; State of the Art, Theory", Prospects, Lectures notes prepared for the AIAA Professional Studies Series, Course on Drag-Prediction and Measurement, Portland (OR).

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
May-Aug 2010

History

Received
04 Apr 2010
Accepted
27 Apr 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[1] Applied Aerodynamics TC. 2nd AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop, June 21-22, 2003, Available in: http://aaac.larc.nasa.gov/tsab/cfdlarc/aiaa-dpw/Workshop2/workshop2.html Access on May 19, 2010.
» http://aaac.larc.nasa.gov/tsab/cfdlarc/aiaa-dpw/Workshop2/workshop2.html

[2] Bencze, D.P., 1977, "Experimental Evaluation of Nacelle-Airframe Interference Forces and Pressures at Mach Numbers of 0.9 to 1.4", NASA Technical Memorandum X-3321, March 1977, Ames Research Center, United States.

[3] Brodersen, O. et al., 2004, "Airbus, ONERA, and DLR Results from the 2nd AIAA Drag PredictionWorkshop", AIAA Paper No 2004-391, 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada.

[4] Chao, D. D., van Dam, C. P., 1999, "Airfoil Drag Prediction and Decomposition", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 675-681.

[5] Chao, D. D., van Dam, C. P., 2006, "Wing Drag Prediction and Decomposition", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 82-90.

[6] ESDU, 2004, "Drag of Axisymmetry Cowls at Zero Incidence for Subsonic Mach Numbers", Item No. 81024, Engineering Sciences Data Unit.

[7] Flamm. J. D., Wilcox Jr., F. J., 1995, "Drag Measurements of an Axisymmetric Nacelle Mounted on a Flat Plate at Supersonic Speeds", NASA Technical Memorandum 4660, June 1995, Langley Research Center, United States.

[8] Li, J., Li, F., Qin E., 2000, "Numerical Simulation of Transonic Flow over Wing-Mounted Twin-Engine Transport Aircraft", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 37, No. 3, May-June 2000.

[9] Oswatitsch, K., 1956, "Gas Dynamics", Academic Press Inc, New York, pp. 177-210.

[10] Paparone, L., Tognaccini, R., 2002, "A Method for Drag Decomposition from CFD Calculations", ICAS 2002 Congress, pp 1113.1-1113.9.

[11] Sloof, J. W., 1986, "Computational Drag Analysis and Minimization; Mission Impossible?", Proceedings of the Aircraft Drag Prediction and Minimization Symposium, AGARD R-723, Addendum 1.

[12] Tognaccini, R., 2005, "Drag Computation and Breakdown in Power-on Conditions", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 245-252.

[13] van Dam, C. P., 1999, "Recent Experience with Different Methods of Drag Prediction", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 35, pp. 751-798.

[14] van der Vooren, J., Destarac, D., 2004, "Drag/Thrust Analysis of Jet-Propelled Transonic Transport Aircraft", Definition of Physical Drag Components, Aerospace Science and Techonolgy, Vol. 8, pp. 545-556.

[15] van der Vooren, J., Sloof, J. W., 1990, "CFD-Based Drag Prediction; State of the Art, Theory", Prospects, Lectures notes prepared for the AIAA Professional Studies Series, Course on Drag-Prediction and Measurement, Portland (OR).

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