Synthetic Strategies Enabling Access to Minor Phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L.

Abstract

Minor phytocannabinoids constitute a structurally diverse class of natural products derived from Cannabis sativa L.; however, their study remains limited due to their low abundance in the plant and the challenges associated with isolation. Consequently, numerous compounds with unique molecular architectures still possess unexplored biological profiles. Herein, we comprehensively review the principal minor phytocannabinoids reported in the literature, addressing their isolation histories, proposed biosynthetic pathways, and reported biological activities, with particular emphasis on their synthetic routes, highlighting key steps. By contextualizing these advances, this review emphasizes the central role of organic synthesis in enabling access to rare phytocannabinoids, thereby facilitating more in-depth pharmacological studies and contributing to the discovery of new bioactive natural products.

Keywords:
minor phytocannabinoids; Cannabis sativa; organic synthesis; biosynthesis; biological activity