Chemical Differentiation of Domestic Sewage Sludge and Cattle Manure Stabilized by Microbioreators: Study by Pyrolysis Coupled to Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectroscopy

Dores-Silva, Paulo R.; Landgraf, Maria D.; Rezende, Maria O. O.

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20150046

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Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Articles • J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 26 (5) • May 2015 • https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150046 copy

Chemical Differentiation of Domestic Sewage Sludge and Cattle Manure Stabilized by Microbioreators: Study by Pyrolysis Coupled to Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectroscopy

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical alterations in substrates of vermicomposts from domestic sewage sludge and from cattle manure, besides its quality as an organic fertilizer. Elemental and infrared analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used for their characterizations. Chemical characteristics determined in the vermicomposts indicate that they can be used as organic fertilizers, mainly with regard to organic matter content, pH, C/N ratio, and nitrogen and phosphorus levels. The main constituents of the humic substances extracted from the vermicomposts were obtained by pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), showing that these compounds are quite similar, despite being produced by domestic sewage sludges or by cattle manure.

Vermicompost; humic substances; FTIR; UV-Vis; pyrolysis

Parameter	SSV^a a Means of three replicates ± standard deviation;	CMV^a a Means of three replicates ± standard deviation;	Legislation²⁹29 BRASIL. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Apoio Rural e Cooperativismo. Instrução normativa No. 23. 31 de agosto de 2005. Available at http://www.resol.com.br/legisla/legisla3.php?id=542 accessed on February 2015. http://www.resol.com.br/legisla/legisla3...
Moisture / %	48.19 ± 0.33	53.36 ± 2.97	50.00 (max.)^b b max. = maximum;
pH	4.98 ± 0.02	8.43 ± 0.03	6.00 (min.)^c c min. = minimum;
HA / %	0.93 ± 0.08	2.60 ± 0.22	-
FA / %	0.21 ± 0.01	0.68 ± 0.05	^d d it is not defined on Brazilian legislation.
CEC / (cmol kg^-1)	13.49 ± 0.34	24.64 ± 0.22	-
OM / %	48.19 ± 0.33	27.46 ± 1.09	40.00 (min.)
Total N / %	2.41 ± 0.95	1.12 ± 0.18	1.00 (min.)
Total C / %	25.26 ± 0.79	11. 31 ± 2.34	15.00 (min.)
C/N ratio	9.88 ± 0.24	11.69 ± 0.54	12.00 (min.)
Total P / (mg kg^-1)	77.96 ± 0.66	7.89 ± 0.38	-

Parameter	SSV-HA^a a SSV-HA: humic acids from sewage sludge;	CMV-HA^b b CMV-HA: humic acids from cattle manure vermicompost;	SSV-FA^c c SSV-FA: fulvic acids from sewage sludge;	CMV-FA^d d CMV-FA: fulvic acids from cattle manure vermicompost.
HA / %	0.93 ± 0.08	2.60 ± 0.22	-	-
FA / %	-	-	0.21 ± 0.01	0.68 ± 0.05
E₄/E₆ _ratio	3.26 ± 0.22	6.35 ± 1.28	16.18 ± 0.24	13.01 ± 0.14
C / %	48.83 ± 0.83	50.32 ± 0.11	24.47 ± 0.022	27.57 ± 0.22
H / %	7.51 ± 0.03	6.10 ± 0.04	4.37 ± 0.09	8.04 ± 0.15
N / %	8.14 ± 0.08	3.86 ± 0.01	2.09 ± 0.03	2.41 ± 0.02
S / %	1.16 ± 0.07	1.07 ± 0.05	0.92 ± 0.06	0.90 ± 0.02
O / %	34.36 ± 0.12	38.65 ± 0.10	68.15 ± 0.32	61.08 ± 0.40

Parameter	SSV-HA^a a SSV-HA: humic acids from SSV;	CMV-HA^b b CMV-HA: humic acids from CMV;	SSV-FA^c c SSV-FA: fulvic acids from SSV;	CMV-FA^d d CMV-FA: fulvic acids from CMV.
H/C	1.85 ± 0.01	1.46 ± 0.01	2.14 ± 0.02	3.50 ± 0.04
O/C	0.53 ± 0.00	0.58 ± 0.00	2.09 ± 0.03	1.66 ± 0.02
C/N	6.99 ± 0.08	15.22 ± 0.04	13.66 ± 0.14	13.34 ± 0.05

Possible assignments	Molecular formulae	Similarity / %	m/z (observed above 50% intensity of the spectrum)	FA	HA
Toluene	C₇H₈	95	92; 91	+	+
2-nonenal, (E)	C₉H₁₆O	84	70; 55	+	+
Ethylbenzene	C₈H₁₀	86	91	+	+
Ethylbenzene	C₈H₁₀	86	91	+	+
Exo-norbomyl alcohol	C₇H₁₂O	77	94; 79; 68; 67; 66	+	+
4-(decyloxy)benzaldehyde	C₁₇H₆O₂	73	123; 122; 121; 57	+	+
3-cyclohexene-1-ethanol, beta, 4-dimethyl	C₁₀H₁₈O	84	95; 94; 93; 68; 67	+	+
4H-1 ,4-epoxy-4a,7-methanonaphthalene, 1,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-, (1.alpha., 4a.alpha., 7.alpha., 7a.beta)-	C₁₁H₁₄O	75	162; 133; 105; 95; 94; 91; 81; 79; 77	+	+
Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-en-2-one, 4-methyl-1-(methylethyl)	C₁₀H₁₄O	81	108; 107	+	+
Phenol, 2-methoxy-	C₇H₈O₂	93	124; 109	+	+
Phenol, 4-methyl	C₇H₈O	85	108; 107	+	+
1-undecene	C₁₁H₂₂	78	83; 70; 69; 56; 55	+	+
Azulene, 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8“-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl -7-(1-methylethenyl)-, [1S-(1.alpha., 7.alpha., 8a.beta.)]	C₁₅H₂₄	64	108; 107; 105; 93; 91; 81; 79; 55	-	+
6,7-dimethyl-3,5,8, 8a-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzopyran	C₁₁H₁₆O	79	134; 119; 91	-	+
2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one, 2,6,6-trimethyl	C₁₀H₁₄O	81	107; 91	-	+
Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methyl	C₈H₁₀O₂	90	138; 123	-	+
1-pentadecene	C₁₅H₁₀	86	97; 83; 70; 69; 57; 56; 55	-	+
Dodecane, 2,6,11-trimethyl	C₁₅H₃₂	79	71; 57	-	+
Bioalletrin	C₁₉H₂₆O₃	67	123; 91	-	+
(7S) - trans-bicyclo[4.3.0]-3-nonen-7-ol	C₉H₁₄O	69	120; 92; 91; 79	-	+
Phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy	C₉H₁₂O₂	84	152; 137	-	+
1-pentadecanol	C₁₅H₃₂O	83	97; 83; 70; 69; 57; 56; 55	-	+
Benzene, 2-methoxy-1,3,5-trimethyl-	C₁₀H₁₄O	70	150;135	-	+
Benzene, 2-methoxy-1,3,5-trimethyl-	C₁₀H₁₄O	69	150; 135	-	+
2-cyclopenten-1-one, 3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-, (Z)	C11H16O	63	164; 149; 135; 122; 110; 93; 91; 79; 77; 67; 55	-	+
7-hexadecenal, (Z)	C₁₆H₃₀O	72	83; 81; 71; 69; 67; 57; 55	-	+
7-hexadecenal, (Z)-	C₁₆H₃₀O	70	83; 81; 71; 69; 67; 57; 55	-	+
1-tetradecanol	C₁₄H₃₀O	87	97; 84; 83; 70; 69; 57; 56; 55	-	+
Octadecane , 1-chloro-	C₁₈H₃₇Cl	74	71; 57	-	+
1-nonadecene	C₁₉H₃₈	87	111; 97; 83; 69; 57; 55	-	+
1-nonadecene	C₁₉H₃₈	84	111; 97; 83; 69; 57; 55	-	+
9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 9-octadecenyl ester, (Z)-	C₃₆H₆₈O₂	77	97; 96; 83; 82; 81; 69; 55	-	+
Acetic acid, chloro-, hexadecyl ester	C₁₈H₃₅ClO₂	76	97; 83; 70; 69; 57; 56; 55	-	+

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