OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the laboratories methods of the oculocutaneous albinism (OCA 1and OCA 2) of descriptive form and to analyze its results. METHODS: The hair bulb test is a chemical method used to distinguish the two forms, however, recently had its effectiveness as an standard test contested. The advance of molecular biology allows the analysis of the mutations that cause the disturb and its genic location. CONCLUSIONS: The bulb test is secure only for the diagnosis of OCA 1A, being able to be used as complement of a more refined method. The molecular analysis supplies a diagnostic definitive allowing to distinguish OCA 1 from OCA 2, because the mutations affect genes in different chromosomes.
Oculocutaneous albinism; OCA 1; OCA 2; Hair bulb test; Molecular genetics
