OBJECTIVE: To investigate in the literature elements that explain the association between the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and epilepsy and to provide clinical guidelines for the management of patients that share these disorders. METHODS:Review of literature of the last 10 years in MedLine and Lilacs databases. The keywords used were "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "ADHD" and "epilepsy. RESULTS: Symptoms of ADHD are more frequent in idiopathic epilepsies. Several factors may contribute to this comorbidity: 1) common genetic environment; 2) participation of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in ADHD and in neuronal excitability modulation; 3) the underlying brain structural abnormalities found in epileptic patients with ADHD; 4)the chronic effects of seizures and of the epileptiform interictal EEG discharges in attention; 5) the cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Recents evidences suggest that seizures and ADHD may have common neurobiological bases. Researches that investigate dysfunctions in cerebral cathecholamines pathways and the role of the interictal epileptiform discharges in the generation of the sintoms are essencial to understand these mechanisms. Treatment for ADHD with stimulant drugs are safe and effective in most epileptic patients.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; epilepsy
