Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic, serious and potentially fatal disorder observed in patients who receive treatment with neuroleptics, typical and atypical, as well as medications with dopaminergic effects. The diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory criteria and the exclusion of other general medical or psychiatric conditions that could best explain the symptoms. The main criteria according to DSM-IV are severe rigidity and fever associated with the use of antipsychotic medication. We present a case of a 30-year-old female with history of bipolar affective disorder that developed signs and symptoms consistent with NMS after three weeks of treatment with Olanzapine. This case aims to address the risk of NMS associated atypical antipsychotic, as well as the importance of an early diagnosis and immediate intervention.
Atypical antipsychotics; neuroleptic malignant syndrome; olanzapine