1 |
Maldonado et al.,1212 Maldonado PA, Mcintire D, Corton MM. Long-Term Outcomes After Overlapping Sphincteroplasty for Cloacal- Like Deformities. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2019;25 (04):271-2782019 |
United States |
Retrospective study |
29 |
All-female sample (mean age: 31.8 years) |
fourth-degree lacerations (cloacal-like deformities) |
Mean: 68.1 months |
Presenting symptoms and physical examination |
EAS OLR |
NA |
53.8% reported complete continence at amean follow-up of 7.0 ± 3.6 years |
2 |
Khafagy et al.,99 Khafagy WW, El-Said MM, Thabet WM, et al. Evaluation of anatomical and functional results of overlapping anal sphincter repair with or without the injection of bone marrow aspirate concentrate: a case-control study. Colorectal Dis 2017;19(01):O66-O742017 |
Egypt |
Case-controlstudy |
Total -40ORLs in 20 patients |
M = 11 (55%); F = 9 (45%); mean age: 30.6 ± 17.5 years |
anal fistula (n = 19; 47.5%); perineal trauma (n = 6; 15%); obstetric trauma – third degree perineal tear (n = 5; 12.5%); perianal necrotizing fasciitis (n = 5; 12.5%); hemorrhoidectomy (n = 3; 7.5%); stricturotomy for anal stenosis (n = 2; 5%) |
1.01 ± 0.35 years |
Wexner continence score, anorectal manometry, Endoanal US |
EAS OLR +/-BMAC |
6 months to 12 months; mean Wexner score changes from 7.7 to 7.4 |
NA |
3 |
El-Gazzaz et al.,1111 El-Gazzaz G, Zutshi M, Hannaway C, Gurland B, Hull T. Overlapping sphincter repair: does age matter? Dis Colon Rectum 2012;55(03):256-2612012 |
United States |
Retrospective study |
197 |
All-female sample; 146(74.1%) patients in group A (< 60 yearsold); 51 (25.9%) patients in group B (> 60 years old);overall mean age at surgery: 50.4 years |
obstetric injuries |
NA |
FIQL;FISI |
EAS OLR |
NA |
The mean FISI score changed from 27.2 to 29.8 over an average of 7.7 years of follow-up |
4 |
Zutshi et al.,1010 Zutshi M, Tracey TH, Bast J, Halverson A, Na J. Ten-year outcome after anal sphincter repair for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2009;52(06):1089-10942009 |
United States |
Prospective |
N =44 at the 5-year follow-up, and n = 31 at the 10-year follow-up |
Median age at surgery:5-year follow-up group -38.5 years;10-year follow-up group - 44 years |
Obstetric trauma: 70.4%;iatrogenic: 15.9%;trauma: 6.8%;not reported: 6.8% |
NA |
FIQL; FISI; Bristol Stool Form Scale |
EAS OLR |
NA |
Changes in scores from 5 years to 10 years of follow-up:a) mean patient-related FISI – from 21 to 39.39;b) mean surgeon-related FISI – from 20 to 39.97;c) mean FIQL – from 12 to 10.82 |
5 |
Dobben et al.,88 Dobben AC, Terra MP, DeutekomM, et al. The role of endoluminal imaging in clinical outcome of overlapping anterior anal sphincter repair in patients with fecal incontinence. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;189(02):W70-7 2007 |
Netherlands |
Prospective |
30 |
97% of females; mean age: 50Years (±12 years) |
Obstetric trauma: 97% |
Median: 6.5years (0.5–22 years) |
Vaizey incontinence scoreand Endoanal US, and MRI |
EAS ORL |
After surgery, the mean Vaizey score improved from 18 to 13 (p < 0.001) |
NA |
6 |
Barisic et al.,77 Barisic GI, Krivokapic ZV, Markovic VA, Popovic MA. Outcome of overlapping anal sphincter repair after 3 months and after a mean of 80 months. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006;21(01):52-562006 |
Serbia |
Prospective |
65 |
Females: 55 (84.61%); males: 10 (15.38%); mean age: 35.9 years (range: 18–64 years). |
Obstetric trauma: 72.3%;fistulotomy: 13.8%; non-specificTrauma: 9.2%; war injury:4.6%. |
Range: 0.5 to 20 years |
Wexner score; Browning–Parks scale; analManometry; electromyography;defecography |
EAS OLR |
Wexner score improved from 17.8 preoperatively to 3.6 three months after the operation |
Wexner deteriorated over time to 6.3 after an average of 80.1 months of follow-up |
7 |
Tjandra et al.,1414 Tjandra JJ, Han WR, Goh J, Carey M, Dwyer P. Direct repair vs. overlapping sphincter repair: a randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46(07):937-942, discussion 942-943 2003 |
Australia |
Randomized controlled trial |
Total -23;OLR -11direct end-to-end repair -12 |
all female; DR 47y (32–71), OLR 45y (31–68); |
Obstetric trauma |
1 year |
Endoanal US; anorectal manometry; neurophysiologic; Cleveland Clinic Continence Score |
DR ; OLR |
Mean Cleveland score changed from17 to 3 postoperatively;maximum squeeze pressure changed from 80 mm Hg to 130 mm Hg postoperatively |
Median follow-up of 18 months -improvement in continencescores (p < 0.05). |
8 |
Malouf et al.,1313 Malouf AJ, Norton CS, Engel AF, Nicholls RJ, KammMA. Long-term results of overlapping anterior anal-sphincter repair for obstetric trauma. Lancet 2000;355(9200):260-265 2000 |
United Kingdom |
Retrospective |
38 |
All-female sample; mean age: 43 years (26–67 yeaus) |
Obstetric-related trauma |
NA |
Modified Park's continenceScores; resting anal pressure; maximum squeeze anal pressure;sphincter length; pudendal nerve latencies; Endoanal US |
OLR |
NA |
Outcome assessed at a median of 15 and 77 months;at 15 months,median Modified Park's score preoperatively: 4;15 months post operatively: 2; and 77 months postoperatively: 3 |