MULTIDIMENSIONAL INDICATORS OF SPORTING POTENTIAL OF BRAZILIAN TRAMPOLINE GYMNASTS

Oliveira, Kerly Priscila Jesus de; Carrara, Paulo; Coelho, Emerson Filipino; Ferreira, Renato Melo; Mourthé, Katya; Vianna Júnior, Newton Santos; Werneck, Francisco Zacaron

doi:10.4025/jphyseduc.v32i1.3264

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Original Article • J. Phys. Educ. 32 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v32i1.3264 copy

MULTIDIMENSIONAL INDICATORS OF SPORTING POTENTIAL OF BRAZILIAN TRAMPOLINE GYMNASTS

INDICADORES MULTIDIMENSIONAIS DO POTENCIAL ESPORTIVO DE GINASTAS DE TRAMPOLIM BRASILEIROS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The scientific evidence on the profile of trampoline gymnastic athletes is scarce. Considering that the individual trampoline is an Olympic sport, it is important to investigate the characteristics of these athletes in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate anthropometric, physical-motor, maturational, socio-environmental indicators and the sporting potential of Brazilian trampoline gymnasts, investigating differences between age categories. There were 147 athletes participating who competed in the State and Brazilian Championship of Trampoline Gymnastics by Age Group in 2017-2018. A multidimensional battery of tests was carried out, comparing the indicators collected between the categories 9 to 10 years, 11 to 12 years, 13 to 14 years, 15 to 16 years and 17 years or older. The coaches (n = 20) assessed the sporting potential of their gymnasts, in relation to the expectation of success in the future. The results showed statistically significant differences in body size and composition, somatotype, handgrip strength, countermovement jump, flexibility and sporting potential among athletes of different age categories, in both sexes. In addition, 30% of gymnasts showed high sporting potential, according to the perspectives of the coaches. It is concluded that the multidimensional indicators related to the sporting potential of Brazilian trampoline gymnasts vary according to the age category. This study is a pioneer in characterizing the profile of the elite Brazilian trampoline gymnast, using a dynamic approach related to the sporting talent.

Keywords:
Gymnastic; Talent identification; Performance; Young athlete

	Male (n=58)	Female (n=89)	Total (n=147)
Category
9-10 years	10 (27.8%)	26 (72.2%)	36
11-12 years	7 (21.2%)	26 (78.8%)	33
13-14 years	15 (50%)	15 (50%)	30
15-16 years	7 (43.8%)	9 (56.3%)	16
17+ years	19 (59.4%)	13 (40.6%)	32
State
MG	36 (32.7%)	74 (67.3%)	110
RJ	13 (59.1%)	9 (40.9%)	22
RS	2 (25%)	6 (75%)	8
SP	7 (100%)	0 (0%)	7
Competitive Level
State	5 (16.1%)	26 (83.9%)	31
National	26 (37.1%)	44 (62.9%)	70
International	26 (57.8%)	19 (42.2%)	45

	9-10 years	11-12 years	13-14 years	15-16 years	≥17 years	F	p-value
Socio-environmental Indicators
Starting age (years)	6.8±1.5^a	8.2±2.0^b	7.5±2.0^b	7.6±2.2^b	7.7±1.3^b	2.013	0.10
Time federated (years)	1.4±0.70^a	1.8±1.4^a	4.3±1.8^b	6.2±2.0^c	8.3±1.2^d	77.760	<0.001*
Practice time (years)	2.8±1.2^a	3.3±2.0^a	6.1±2.2^b	8.0±2.1^c	9.5±1.2^d	43.815	<0.001*
Anthropometric Indicators
Body Mass (Kg)	31.1±5.7^a	36.1±6.0^b	46.3±4.1^c	53.1±6.4^d	55.2±5.3^d	60.091	<0.001*
Height (cm)	136.7±6.9^a	146.8±6.0^b	155.9±3.6^c	160.1±5.9^c	158.8±4.9^c	51.815	<0.001*
Sitting height (cm)	70.7±4.3^a	75.4±4.6^b	81.4±2.7^c	84.3±2.8^c	84.7±2.3^c	44.592	<0.001*
mmii length (cm)	66.1±4.4^a	71.3±3.3^b	74.4±2.2^c	75.8±3.3^c	74.1±2.9^c	23.670	<0.001*
Wingspan (cm)	137.0±8.1^a	146.7±7.2^b	159.6±4.6^c	163.6±4.0^c	161.3±4.3^c	53.797	<0.001*
Sum 3DC (cm)	28.4±10.0^a	26.6±7.2^a	29.5±8.9^a	32.8±3.4 ^a	39.6±7.2^a	5.788	<0.001*
Endomorphy	3.4±1.3^a	2.8±0.93^a	3.2±1.1^a	3.4±0.56^a	4.1±0.75^a	3.068	0.02
Mesomorphy	3.4±0.97^a	3.1±0.91^a	3.3±0.94^a	3.4±0.92^a	3.9±0.69^a	1.761	0.14
Ectomorphy	3.3±1.2^a	4.0±1.1^b	3.2±1.0^c	2.6±0.87^c	2.0±0.57^c	7.637	<0.001*
Physical-motor Indicators
Handgrip Strength (N)	14.6±3.5^a	19.32±6.4^b	22.5±5.9^b	29.1±6.5^c	26.3±5.7^c	16.861	<0.001*
CMJ (cm) contramovimento Contramovimento (cm)	22.3±4.0^a	23.2±3.5^a	23.4±3.7^a	24.4±5.7^a	26.1±4.3^a	1.655	0.17
Flexibility (cm)	37.7±3.8^a	38.0±5.5^a	42.3±4.4^b	45.7±2.9^b	43.6±4.6^b	9.264	<0.001*
Sporting Potential - Coaches						X²	p-value
Excellent	11.5%	3.8%	6.7%	22.2%	0%	36.113	<0.001*
Very Good	26.9%	23.1%	6.7%	22.2%	0%
Good	42.3%	73.1%	80%	44.4%	100%
Fair	19.2%	0%	6.7%	0%	0%
Poor	0%	0%	0%	11.1%	0%

	9-10 years	11-12 years	13-14 years	15-16 years	≥17 years	F	p-value
Socio-environmental Indicators
Starting age (years)	6.8±1.4^a	8.1±1.3^a	8.1±2.0^a	8.1±2.3^a	10.4±3.0^b	4.735	0.002*
Time federated (years)	1.5±1.1^a	3.0±1.7^a	4.1±2.0^a	6.6±1.7^b	6.9±3.8^b	9.168	<0.001*
Practice time (years)	2.3±1.1^a	3.7±1.4^a	5.3±2.1^b	7.6±1.9^c	8.7±3.3^c	14.073	<0.001*
Anthropometric Indicators
Body Mass (Kg)	32.9±7.4^a	39.2±6.8^a	43.3±10.7^a	55.7±4.4^b	61.9±5.5^b	31.630	<0.001*
Height (cm)	134.5±7.7^a	146.1±6.1^b	155.4±14.9^c	174.0±6.8^d	175.1±5.2^d	39.371	<0.001*
Sitting height (cm)	71.4±3.5^a	74.9±2.9^a	78.9±6.7^a	86.0±4.8^b	90.8±3.3^c	36.905	<0.001*
mmii length (cm)	63.0±4.6^a	71.1±3.2^b	76.5±8.6^c	88.0±5.7^d	84.2±3.8^d	30.176	<0.001*
Wingspan (cm)	135.3±8.9^a	149.1±5.0^b	156.1±15.3^b	177.1±5.8^c	178.6±7.3^c	39.648	<0.001*
Sum 3DC (cm)	31.6±14.2^a	27.5±6.6^a	22.3±5.0 ^a	18.7±2.9^a	20.2±3.2 ^a	5.707	0.001*
Endomorphy	3.4±1.4^a	2.9±0.52^a	2.1±0.54^b	1.5±0.35^b	1.8±0.35^b	11.680	<0.001*
Mesomorphy	4.0±1.1^a	4.6±1.0^a	3.6±1.1^b	2.9±0.94^b	3.6±0.78^b	2.919	0.03*
Ectomorphy	2.4±1.1^a	3.0±0.98^a	4.0±1.2^b	4.8±0.65^b	3.9±0.92^c	6.605	<0.001*
Physical-motor Indicators
Handgrip Strength (N)	16.8±5.5^a	19.1±6.1^a	25.0±7.9^a	31.4±5.1^b	39.5±7.2^c	24.283	<0.001*
CMJ (cm)	22.0±3.8^a	26.1±4.0^a	26.6±4.1^a	31.9±1.6^b	35.6±8.5^b	10.496	<0.001*
Flexibility (cm)	38.1±4.7^a	32.7±5.2^b	35.9±3.5^b	39.4±3.1^b	40.6±7.2^b	3.76	0.02*
Sports Potential - Coaches						X²	p-value
Excellent	20%	14.3%	0%	0%	31.6%	17.232	0.03*
Very Good	20%	0%	40%	28.6%	10.5%
Good	60%	85.7%	46.7%	71.4%	52.6%
Fair	0%	0%	13.3%	0%	5.3%
Poor	0%	0%	0%	0%	0%

	9-10 years		11-12 years		13-14 years		15-16 years
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Maturational Indicators
PAH (cm)	172.7±5.4	163.5±5.2	175.4±3.2	165.4±4.4	174.2±9.1	162.8±3.4	180.3±7.8	161.5±5.5
%PAH	77.8±3.0	83.5±2.3	83,2±2,7	88.7±2.3	89.0±4.1	95,7±1.5	96.5±2.6	99.1±0.51
Z-score PAH	1.7±1.4	0.73±0.90	0.18±0.66	-0.36±0.65	0.20±0.90	-0.69±0.61	0.72±0.76	-0.71±1.1
APHV (years)	12.,8±0.37	11.7±0.37	14.1±0.25	12.1±0.47	14.4±0.71	12.5±0.33	14.7±0.71	13.1±0.47
MO (years)	-3.6±0.67	-2.1±0.61	-2.1±0.59	-070±0.58	-0.95±1.0	1.0±0.45	1.1±0.80	2.4±0.36
Menarche (years)	-	-	-	10.6±0.57	-	11.7±0.75	-	12.2±0.79
Maturational Stage
Delayed	0%	0%	0%	15.4%	0%	26.7%	14.3%	22.2%
Normal	40%	69.2%	100%	84.6%	86.7%	73.3%	71.4%	77.8%
Advanced	60%	30.8%	0%	0%	13.3%	0%	14.3%	0%

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[1] Address for correspondence: Francisco Zacaron Werneck, Laboratory of Study and Research of Exercise and Sport (LABESPEE) - School of Physical Education at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (EEF-UFOP) - Rua Dois, 110, University Campus, Ouro Preto - MG, CEP 35400-000. e-mail: franciscozacaron@yahoo.com.br