A PERCEPTUAL CUE ON A MOVING OPPONENT IMPROVES THE LEARNING OF A MOTOR SKILL FROM AIKIDO

Gemas Neto, Estefan; Silveira, Sergio Roberto; Reis, Marcos Antônio Mattos dos; Corrêa, Umberto Cesar

doi:10.4025/JPHYSEDUC.V32I1.3244

ABSTRACT

The effect of different instructional foci on the learning of a motor skill of aikido was investigated. Sixty participants from both sexes with an average age of 14 practiced choku tsuki task, which consisted of hitting a target on the chest of an attacking opponent with a stick. They were divided into four groups: relaxation, with a cue about the relaxed way in which the task should be performed; low hip, with a cue about maintaining hip displacement as low as possible; perceptive, with a cue at the circular target located on the chest of the opponent as they raised their sword to attack; and control, without cues. The dependent variables included measures related to the task goals, movement pattern relative to the task components and kinematic features. Only the perceptive and low hip groups learned the motor skill. The perceptive group obtained better overall performance than the other groups. Learning choku tsuki was improved by the instructional cue “strike target as soon as sword is raised”, establishing the learner’s perceptive attunement to the moving opponent. Learning was also enhanced by the cue "keep hips as low as possible"; however, at a lower level than that of the perceptive cue.

Keywords:
Behaviour; Martial arts; Efficiency; Practice

[1] Author Adress: Estefan Gemas Neto. Av Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo-SP, Brasil, CEP 05508-030. E-mail: estefan.neto@usp.br.

STARTING POSITION	PHASE 1 UPPER LIMBS	PHASE 1 LOWER LIMBS	PHASE 2 UPPER LIMBS	PHASE 2 LOWER LIMBS
Left leg forward, with base in triangle shape, due to position of feet.	Left hand pushes the stick, along with hip, so that it begins to change from vertical to horizontal. Right hand assists in shifting position of stick.	Left leg moves forward.	Right hand pushes stick forward, aided by the movement of the hips, and the left hand loosens slightly so that the stick slides through it, performing the hit.	Right leg follows the movement of the left leg, which went forward.
	Right hand holds tip of stick that was placed on ground.	Left knee should be flexed, and right knee may also be flexed.	Both hands perform a twisting motion. Right hand rotates stick to the left and inwards, and left hand turns stick to the right and outwards.	Left knee should be flexed, and right knee may also be flexed.
	Right hand pulls stick back simultaneously with aid of hip movement. Left hand remains still.		Right elbow should end movement flexed at a 90° angle. Left elbow should end movement extended, at an angle of 180º.

Brasil

Brasil

A PERCEPTUAL CUE ON A MOVING OPPONENT IMPROVES THE LEARNING OF A MOTOR SKILL FROM AIKIDO

UMA DICA PERCEPTIVA SOBRE UM OPONENTE EM MOVIMENTO MELHORA A APRENDIZAGEM DE UMA HABILIDADE MOTORA DO AIKIDO

ABSTRACT