Physical activity in adolescents: analysis of the social
          influence of parents and friends

Cheng, Luanna Alexandra; Mendonça, Gerfeson; Farias Júnior, José Cazuza de

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.05.006

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 90 (01) • jan-feb 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.05.006 copy

Physical activity in adolescents: analysis of the social influence of parents and friends

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the association between physical activity and social support from parents and friends on the physical activity level among adolescents.

METHODS:

Data from 2,361 adolescents (56.6% females; mean age 16.4; SD = 1.2), from public and private high schools were analyzed. The physical activity level of the adolescents, parents, and friends were measured through a questionnaire. Parents' and friends' support and self-efficacy were measured using two previously tested scales. Data analysis was performed usingthe structural equation modeling in IBM^(r) SPSS^(r) Amos^TM 20.0.

RESULTS:

Physical activity of friends was directly associated with physical activity level of adolescents. Physical activity of the father was associated with their sons, and the physical activity of mother was associated with their daughters. An indirect association was identified between the physical activity of parents and friends with physical activity level of the adolescents, mediated by social support. Social support was directly associated with physical activity in adolescents of both genders and indirectly mediated by self-efficacy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parents and friends have a social influence on adolescents' level of physical activity through the mechanism of behavior modeling or through social support, mediated by self-efficacy.

Motor activity; Adolescents; Parents; Friends; Social support

Variables		Male		Female		p-value
		% (n)		% (n)
Age						0.025^a
	14-16 years	66.3	(680)	70.7	(944)
	17-19 years	33.7	(345)	29.3	(392)
Socioeconomic class						0.020^a
	A	11.3	(104)	9.2	(111)
	B	40.1	(368)	35.6	(431)
	C	41.6	(382)	47.8	(579)
	D, E	7.0	(64)	7.4	(90)
Level of physical activity practice						< 0.001^a
	0 min/week	9.8	(101)	21.1	(282)
	10 to 149 min/week	9.8	(100)	21.1	(282)
	150 to 299 min/week	13.3	(136)	18.9	(253)
	= 300 min/week	67.1	(688)	38.9	(519)	0.047^a
Father’s level of physical activity practice						0.047^a
Does not practice regular physical activity		49.1	(491)	50.4	(653)
	One to two days/week	25.9	(259)	21.9	(284)
	Three to four days/week	11.9	(119)	11.5	(147)
	= five days/week	13.1	(131)	16.2	(211)	< 0.007^a
Mother’s level of physical activity practice						< 0.007^a
0 days/week		50.9	(518)	50.5	(668)
	One to two days/week	24.5	(250)	19.9	(264)
	Three to four days/week	12.6	(127)	13.9	(184)
	= Five days/week	12.0	(122)	15.7	(208)	< 0.001^a
Friends’ level of physical activity practice						< 0.001^a
0 days/week		5.9	(60)	15.5	(204)
One to two days/week		28.5	(289)	37.7	(497)
	Three to four days/week	36.8	(374)	29.6	(390)
	= Five days/week	28.8	(293)	17.2	(224)
		M	(SD)	M	(SD)
Self-efficacy		27.7	(6.6)	27.4	(6.7)	0.194^b
Friends’ social support		16.8	(5.0)	13.4	(4.8)	0.001^b
Parents’ social support		12.7	(4.2)	11.8	(4.2)	0.001^b

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: jcazuzajr@hotmail.com (J.C.d. Farias Júnior).