Association between overweight and obesity in schoolchildren with rs9939609 polymorphism (FTO) and family history for obesity

Reuter, Cézane Priscila; Burgos, Miria Suzana; Bernhard, Joana Carolina; Tornquist, Debora; Klinger, Elisa Inês; Borges, Tássia Silvana; Renner, Jane Dagmar Pollo; Valim, Andréia Rosane de Moura; Mello, Elza Daniel de

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2015.11.005

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Original articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 92 (5) • Sep/Oct 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.11.005 copy

Association between overweight and obesity in schoolchildren with rs9939609 polymorphism (FTO) and family history for obesity^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Reuter CP, Burgos MS, Bernhard JC, Tornquist D, Klinger EI, Borges TS, et al. Association between overweight and obesity in schoolchildren with rs9939609 polymorphism (FTO) and family history for obesity. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92:493-8. ^☆☆ ☆☆ Study conducted at the Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; and Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To determine the association between overweight/obesity in schoolchildren with FTO rs9939609 polymorphism (fatmass and obesity associated) and family history of obesity.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study comprising a sample of 406 children aged 7-17 years in a city in southern Brazil. Overweight/obesity in schoolchildren was assessed by body mass index (BMI), and family history of obesity was self-reported by parents. Polymorphism genotyping was performed by real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The association between the nutritional status of schoolchildren with the presence of family obesity, stratified by polymorphism genotypes (AA [at-risk for obesity], AT, and TT), was assessed by prevalence ratio values (PR) through Poisson regression.

Results:

Among schoolchildren with the AA genotype, 57.4% had overweight/obesity; the percentage was lower for the AT and TT genotypes (33.1% and 28.9%, respectively). Overweight/obesity in schoolchildren was associated with a family history of obesity, especially among children with the AA genotype. The prevalence was higher among those with an obese mother (PR: 1.28; p < 0.001), obese maternal or paternal grandmother (PR: 1.22; p = 0.047), and obese paternal grandfather (PR: 1.32; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

There is an association between the AA genotype of rs9939609 polymorphism and BMI among schoolchildren. The association between overweight/obesity in schoolchildren with a family history of obesity was found mainly among students with the AA genotype.

KEYWORDS
Obesity; Genetic; Child; Adolescent

	n (%)
Gender
Male	203 (50.0)
Female	203 (50.0)

Ethnicity
Caucasian	304 (74.9)
Black	36 (8.9)
Mixed-race	65 (16.0)
Asian	1 (0.2)

BMI
Underweight/normal weight	266 (65.5)
Overweight/obesity	140 (34.5)

Public school network
Municipal	202 (49.8)
State	204 (50.2)
Age^a a Expressed as mean (standard deviation).	10.9 (2.5)

FTO (rs9939609) ^b b Significance level, according to the chi-squared test for evaluation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.955) when comparing the expected values (51 - AA; 186 - AT; and 169 - TT) and observed values (54 - AA; 180 - AT; and 172 - TT).
AA (at-risk genotype for obesity)	54 (13.3)
AT	180 (44.3)
TT	172 (42.4)
A Allele	288 (35.5)
T Allele	524 (64.5)

	Student's BMI classification
	Underweight/normal weight	Overweight/obesity	p
	n (%)	n (%)
rs9939609 polymorphism (FTO)
AA genotype ^a a At-risk genotype for obesity. (n = 54)	23 (42.6)	31 (57.4)
AT genotype (n = 180)	128 (71.1)	52 (28.9)	0.001
TT genotype (n = 172)	115 (66.9)	57 (33.1)

Father
Yes (n = 16)	5 (31.3)	11 (68.8)	0.003
No (n = 390)	261 (66.9)	129 (33.1)

Mother
Yes (n = 31)	18 (58.1)	13 (41.9)	0.364
No (n = 375)	248 (66.1)	127 (33.9)

Maternal grandmother
Yes (n = 28)	13 (46.4)	125 (33.1)	0.028
No (n = 378)	253 (66.9)	15 (53.6)

Maternal grandfather
Yes (n = 13)	6 (46.2)	7 (53.8)	0.135
No (n = 393)	260 (66.2)	133 (33.8)

Paternal grandmother
Yes (n = 22)	13 (59.1)	9 (40.9)	0.514
No (n = 384)	253 (65.9)	131 (34.1)

Paternal grandfather
Yes (n = 10)	4 (40.0)	6 (60.0)	0.086
No (n = 396)	262 (66.2)	134 (33.8)

Family history of obesity	Student's BMI
	PR (95% CI)	p
TT genotype
Father	1.27 (1.00-1.61)	0.047
Mother	1.05 (0.86-1.28)	0.623
Maternal grandmother	1.03 (0.83-1.28)	0.771
Maternal grandfather	1.38 (1.12-1.69)	0.002
Paternal grandmother	0.89 (0.72-1.09)	0.254
Paternal grandfather	1.05 (0.76-1.44)	0.770

AT genotype
Father	1.32 (1.04-1.66)	0.021
Mother	0.90 (0.74-1.09)	0.285
Maternal grandmother	1.21 (1.00-1.47)	0.054
Maternal grandfather	0.78 (0.73-0.82)	<0.001
Paternal grandmother	1.10 (0.80-1.53)	0.553
Paternal grandfather	1.17 (0.74-1.87)	0.505

AA genotype ^a a At-risk genotype for obesity.
Father	1.15 (0.88-1.49)	0.305
Mother	1.28 (1.14-1.43)	<0.001
Maternal grandmother	1.22 (1.01-1.48)	0.043
Maternal grandfather	1.04 (0.78-1.39)	0.789
Paternal grandmother	1.22 (1.01-1.48)	0.043
Paternal grandfather	1.32 (1.20-1.46)	<0.001

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E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:cezanereuter@unisc.br (C.P. Reuter).