Hilton & Desrochers3939 Hilton JM, Desrochers S. Children's behavior problems in single-parent and married-parent families: development of a predictive model. J Divorce Remarriage. 2002;37:13-36. (2002) USA |
PCS |
120 parents (60 divorced and 60 married) M age children with divorced parents = between 7.3 and 9.6 years (SD = NA) |
- Coparental conflict (Quality of Coparental Communication Scale) |
- Externalizing problems (SR-P) (Child Behavior Checklist) |
Coparental conflict, among other variables, was shown to be a mediating mechanism between the negative and significant association of the divorced parents’ marital status and children's externalizing symptoms |
Macie & Stolberg4040 Macie KM, Stolberg AL. Assessing parenting after divorce: the co-parenting behavior questionnaire. J Divorce Remarriage. 2003;39:89-107. (2003) USA |
PCS |
68 dyads (parent–child) 72% children aged between 10 and 15 years. 28% between 16 and 17 years |
- Perception of parents’ coparenting behavior (Coparenting Behavior Questionnaire) |
- Psychological adjustment (SR-P and SR-C) (Behavior Problems Index) - Self-esteem (SR-C) (Hare Self-esteem Scale) |
Children's perception of parents’ coparenting behavior predicted the global mental health and self-esteem of children. The coparenting behavior perceived by children was not statistically associated with symptoms of hyperactivity or symptoms of depression and anxiety, when assessed by parents. Dimensions of coparenting behavior, such as conflict, triangulation, respect/cooperation, and communication, are negatively and significantly correlated with the children's psychological function measures |
Fabricius & Luecken4141 Fabricius WV, Luecken LJ. Postdivorce living arrangements, parent conflict, and long-term physical health correlates for children of divorce. J Fam Psychol. 2007;21:195-205. (2007) USA |
RCS |
266 university students, whose parents divorced before their children were 16 years old |
- Coparental conflict (Single question created by the study authors) |
- Psychosomatic symptoms (Somatization Subscale, Symptom Checklist – 90-R) |
Overall, in a structural model, parental conflict predicted greater current distress about the parents’ divorce, and in turn, the distress significantly predicted the participants’ physical health levels More specifically, a statistically significant association of low magnitude was found between coparental conflict and the current levels of psychosomatic symptoms |
Lau4242 Lau YK. Patterns of post-divorce parental alliance and children's self-esteem in Hong Kong. J Divorce Remarriage. 2007;47:155-73. (2007) Hong-Kong |
PCS |
62 dyads (resident father and child) M age of child = 11.6 years (SD = NA) |
- Parental agreement in decision making (Coparental Interaction Scale) - Coparental support and cooperation (Parenting Support Scale) |
- Self-esteem (SR-C) (Self-perception Profile for Children Scale) |
The children's overall self-esteem was negative and significantly associated with conflicted coparenting reported by resident parents, characterized by low levels of coparental agreement or support |
Schrodt & Afifi4343 Schrodt P, Afifi TD. Communication processes that predict young adults’ feelings of being caught and their associations with mental health and family satisfaction. Commun Monogr. 2007;74:200-28. (2007) USA |
RCS |
1170 young adults (484 with divorced parents) M age total sample = 20.2 years (SD = 5.4) |
- Triangulation and coparenting sabotage (SRC) (Feeling Caught Scale) |
- Mental health (Mental Health Subscale, Adolescent Health Scale) |
Young adults with divorced parents had significantly higher values of triangulation and coparenting sabotage than young adults with married parents. In the group of young individuals with divorced parents, triangulation and coparenting sabotage were shown to be a mediating variable between marital dissatisfaction in the past and current mental health levels |
Gasper et al.4444 Gasper JAF, Stolberg AL, Macie KM, Williams LJ. Coparenting in intact and divorced families: its impact on young adult adjustment. J Divorce Remarriage. 2008;49:272-90. (2008) USA |
PCS |
389 university students M age = 19.6 years (SD = 2.0) |
- Perception of parents’ coparenting behavior (SR-C) (Coparenting Behavior Questionnaire) |
- Overall mental health (Brief Symptom Inventory) - Problems with intimacy (Fear of Intimacy Scale) - Delinquency (Delinquency Syndrome Subscale, Young Adult Self-Report) |
In a structural model, the parents’ divorced status was related to higher coparental hostility and lower coparental cooperation which, in turn, were associated with lower levels of mental health and self-esteem and higher delinquency levels and problems with intimacy. These results suggest the mediating effect of these coparenting dimensions of the parents’ marital status and mental health indicators of children |
Trinder et al.4545 Trinder L, Kellet J, Swift L. The relationship between contact and child adjustment in high conflict cases after divorce or separation. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2008;13:181-7. (2008) United Kingdom |
L |
117 divorced fathers and mothers (moment 3 of the evaluation) residents and non-residents. High litigation sample |
- Coparenting concerns (Parenting Concerns Scale) - Division of tasks according to coparenting (Coparental Decision-making scale) |
- Emotional and behavioral well-being (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ] – parents’ version) |
Higher concerns about the quality of parenting by the other parent predicted psychological well-being (total SDQ) of the children two years after the court session of mediation regulating parental power. The age and gender of the child were not statistically significant predictors of their psychological well-being at the moment of the assessment |
Altenhofen et al.4646 Altenhofen S, Sutherland K, Biringen Z. Families experiencing divorce: age at onset of overnight stays, conflict, and emotional availability as predictors of child attachment. J Divorce Remarriage. 2010;51:141-56. (2010) USA |
PCS |
24 dyads (resident mothers and their children) M age of child = 37 months (SD = 13.4) |
- Coparental communication (Quality of Coparental Communication Scale) |
- Secure attachment (Waters’ Attachment Q-Set) |
No significant associations were found between parental communication and the children's secure attachment |
Amato et al.4747 Amato PR, Kane JB, James S. Reconsidering the “good divorce”. Fam Relat. 2011;60:511-24. (2011) USA |
L |
784 divorced and/or separated resident parents, 455 children evaluated in adolescence, and of these, 296 were reassessed at emerging adulthood M age of children at the moment 2 of evaluation = 12.4 years (SD = NA) M age of children at moment 3 = 22.7 years (SD = NA) |
- Coparental function (Questions developed within the research project context on the division of coparental tasks, support, conflicts and agreement. Questions non-subject to psychometric validation) |
- Problems with behavior, use of substances, self-esteem and life satisfaction (Questions developed by researchers. No psychometric validity indicator of the items administered by telephone interview is reported) |
Adolescents with parents that had a conflicted coparenting pattern showed more behavioral problems than adolescents whose parents were characterized by a cooperative or parallel coparenting pattern No differences were found regarding other mental health indicators of children due to the parents’ coparental pattern, either in adolescence or in emerging adulthood |
Shimkowski & Schrodt4848 Shimkowski JR, Schrodt P. Coparental communication as a mediator of interparental conflict and young adult children's mental well-being. Commun Monogr. 2012;79:48-71. (2012) USA |
RCS |
493 young adults (129 with divorced parents) M total sample age = 20.3 years (SD = 2.9) |
- Coparental communication (SR-C) (Quality of Coparenting Questionnaire) |
- Mental health (Adolescent Health Scale Subscale) |
When compared with young adults with married parents, young adults with divorced parents showed higher levels of antagonist coparental communication and lower levels of coparental support and mental health communication. In a structural model, the effect of marital conflict exercised at current levels of the children's mental health was exercised through antagonistic coparental communication. No multi-group differences were found (married parents versus divorced parents) in this model |
Yárnoz-Yaben et al.4949 Yárnoz-Yaben S, González PC, Jáuregui AG. Ajuste al divorcio de los progenitores y problemas de conducta en hijos de familias separadas. Infanc Aprendiz. 2012;35:37-48. (2012) Spain |
PCS |
223 divorced parents and 160 of their children M age of child = 11.0 years (SD = 6.7) |
- Willingness to coparent (SR-P) (Subescala Coparentalidade, Cuestionario de Adaptación al Divorcio-Separación) - Coparental support (SR-P) (Cuestionario de Apoyo Recibido de la Ex-pareja) |
- Internalizing and externalizing symptoms (SR-P) (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]) |
Willingness to coparent and coparental support were not significantly associated with of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and total CBCL |