Associations between the practice of bullying and individual and contextual variables from the aggressors' perspective

Oliveira, Wanderlei Abadio de; Silva, Marta Angélica Iossi; Silva, Jorge Luiz da; Mello, Flávia Carvalho Malta de; Prado, Rogério Ruscitto do; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2015.04.003

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 92 (1) • Jan-Feb 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.04.003 copy

Associations between the practice of bullying and individual and contextual variables from the aggressors' perspective^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: de Oliveira WA, Silva MA, da Silva JL, de Mello FC, do Prado RR, Malta DC. Associations between the practice of bullying and individual and contextual variables from the aggressors' perspective. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92:32-9. ^☆☆ ☆☆ Study associated with the Ministry of Health and Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

To estimate the prevalence of bullying among Brazilian students from the aggressor's perspective and to analyze its association with individual and contextual variables.

METHODS:

This was a cross-sectional population-based study carried out with data from the National Survey on Student Health. A total of 109,104 students attending eight grade in public and private schools were included. Data were collected through a self-applied questionnaire. A model of association between bullying and variables in the following domains was tested: sociodemographics, risk behaviors, mental health, and family context. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also performed.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of aggressors in bullying situations was 20.8%. The following variables remained associated in the final multivariate model: male gender (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.79-1.94), lower participation of 16-year-old students (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53-0.82), and students from private schools (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.27-1.39). Most aggressors reported feeling lonely (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.16-1.28), insomnia episodes (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14-1.29), and a high prevalence of physical violence in the family (OR: 1.97 95% CI: 1.87-2.08). Aggressors missed classes more frequently (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.40-1.51), and they regularly consumed more tobacco (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.12-1.31), alcohol (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.77-1.92), and illegal drugs (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.79-2.04); they also demonstrated increased sexual intercourse (OR: 1.49 95% CI: 1.43-1.55) and regular exercise (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16-1.25).

CONCLUSIONS:

The data indicate that bullying is an important aspect that affects the learning-teaching process and the students' health.

Keywords:
School health; Bullying; Family relations; Risk-taking

Variable	%	95% CI		OR	95% CI		*p<0,05
		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Age
<13	17.7	15.2	20.5	1.00
13	19.4	18.6	20.2	1.12	0.93	1.34	0.225
14	21.1	20.4	21.9	1.25	1.04	1.49	0.015
15	22.4	21.5	23.3	1.34	1.12	1.61	0.001
16 and older	20.4	19.7	21.1	1.19	0.99	1.43	0.058

Gender
Male	26.2	25.6	26.7	1.86	1.81	1.92	< 0.001
Female	16.0	15.7	16.3	1.00

Ethnicity
White	21.0	20.6	21.4	1.00
Black	23.2	22.4	24.0	1.14	1.09	1.19	< 0.001
Asian	22.6	21.3	23.9	1.10	1.02	1.19	0.012
Mixed-race	19.7	19.2	20.2	0.92	0.89	0.95	< 0.001
Native Brazilian	22.1	20.7	23.5	1.07	0.99	1.16	0.111

School
Private	23.6	22.9	24.3	1.22	1.17	1.26	< 0.001
Public	20.3	20.0	20.5

Variable	%	95% CI		OR	95% CI		*p<0,05
		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Feels lonely
No	20.2	19.9	20.4	1.00
Yes	24.3	23.6	24.9	1.27	1.22	1.32	< 0.001

Has insomnia
No	20.2	19.9	20.4	1.00
Yes	26.9	26.0	27.7	1.45	1.39	1.52	< 0.001

Friends
One or more	20.8	20.5	21.0	1.00
Does not have	22.4	21.1	23.8	1.10	1.02	1.19	0.013

Domestic violence
No	18.9	18.7	19.1	1.00
Yes	37.2	36.2	38.2	2.54	2.44	2.65	< 0.001

Family supervision
No	26.8	26.4	27.2	1.00
Yes	16.6	16.2	17.0	0.55	0.53	0.56	< 0.001

Misses classes
No	18.08	17.82	18.34	1.00
Yes	28.82	28.18	29.47	1.83	1.78	1.89	< 0.001

Variable	Practices bullying
	%	95% CI		OR	95% CI		*p<0,05
		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Regular tobacco consumption
No	19.7	19.5	20.0	1.00
Yes	41.8	40.5	43.2	2.92	2.77	3.09	<0.001

Regular alcohol consumption
No	16.7	16.5	17.0	1.00
Yes	32.5	31.9	33.2	2.40	2.33	2.48	<0.001

Illicit drugs
No	19.1	18.9	19.4	1.00
Yes	43.2	42.1	44.4	3.22	3.07	3.38	<0.001

Sexual intercourse
No	16.8	16.5	17.1	1.00
Yes	31.0	30.3	31.6	2.22	2.16	2.29	<0.001

Practices physical activity
No	19.7	19.5	20.0	1.00
Yes	25.3	24.6	25.9	1.37	1.33	1.42	<0.001

Variable	OR	95% CI		*p<0,05
		Lower	Upper
Age
<13	1.00
13	1.00	0.81	1.25	0.975
14	1.01	0.82	1.26	0.897
15	0.85	0.69	1.06	0.155
16 and older	0.66	0.53	0.82	< 0.001

Gender
Male	1.87	1.79	1.94	< 0.001
Female	1.00

School
Private	1.33	1.27	1.39	< 0.001
Public	1.00

Feels lonely
No	1.00
Yes	1.22	1.16	1.28	< 0.001

Has insomnia
No	1.00
Yes	1.21	1.14	1.29	< 0.001

Domestic violence
No	1.00
Yes	1.97	1.87	2.08	< 0.001

Misses classes
No	1.00
Yes	1.45	1.40	1.51	< 0.001

Regular tobacco consumption
No	1.00
Yes	1.21	1.12	1.31	< 0.001

Regular alcohol consumption
No	1.00
Yes	1.85	1.77	1.92	< 0.001

Illicit drugs
No	1.00
Yes	1.91	1.79	2.04	< 0.001

Sexual intercourse
No	1.00
Yes	1.49	1.43	1.55	< 0.001

Practices physical activity
No	1.00
Yes	1.20	1.16	1.25	< 0.001

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[1] Corresponding author. E-mail:wanderleio@usp.br (W.A. de Oliveira).