Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in children and adolescents

Ribeiro-Silva, Rita de Cássia; Nunes, Itaciara L.; Assis, Ana Marlúcia Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.01.014

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Articles • J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) 90 (05) • Sep-Oct 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.01.014 copy

Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in children and adolescents^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva R, Nunes IL, Assis AM. Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:486–92.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

To identify the prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in children and adolescents.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study involving 546 schoolchildren, aged between 7 and 14 years, of both genders, enrolled in public elementary schools. Blood was collected for measurement of serum retinol. The retinol concentration in the samples was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were collected on anthropometrics, dietary, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Polytomous logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of interest.

Results:

Approximately 27.5% of the students had retinol values < 30 μg/dL. The multivariate analysis showed, after the appropriate adjustments, a positive and statistically significant association of moderate/severe VAD (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.17 to 4.10) and marginal VAD (OR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.47 to 3.73) with age < 10 years. There was also association of VAD moderate/severe (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.01 to 5.05) and borderline VAD (OR = 2.14; 95% CI: 1.08 to 4.21) with the anthropometric status of underweight. Lower intake of retinol was detected among those with severe VAD.

Conclusion:

VAD is a health concern among children and adolescents. Lower weight and younger schoolchildren had greater vulnerability to VAD.

Vitamin A deficiency; Risk factors; Children; Adolescents

Variables		n	%
Age
	< 10 years	148	27.1
	≥ 10 years	398	72.9
Gender
	Male	272	49.8
	Female	274	50.2
Maternal schooling ^a a missing data.
	I < 5^th grade	185	34.8
	II > 5^th grade	347	65.2
Indicator of housing adequacy ^a a missing data.
	Inadequate	213	39.0
	Adequate	333	61.0
Nutritional status
	Underweight	51	9.3
	Normal weight	430	78.8
	Excess weight (overweight/obesity)	65	11.9
Serum measurement of Vitamin A
	I: < 10 μg/dL	22	4.0
	II: 10-20 μg/dL	27	4.9
	III: 20-30 μg/dL	103	18.9
	IV: ≥ 30 μg/dL	394	72.2
Retinol (μg) ^b b mean retinol, μg, (±SD) = 960.06 (± 2,418.89).
	Percentile₂₅ (175.79)	136	24.9
	Median (333.03)	137	25.1
	Percentile₇₅ (671.90)	273	50.0

Variables		Univariate model (moderate/severe VAD)^a a Adequate levels of vitamin A: retinol levels ≥ 30 μg/dL (comparison group).		Univariate model (borderline VAD)^a a Adequate levels of vitamin A: retinol levels ≥ 30 μg/dL (comparison group).
		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age
	< 10 years	2.20	1.18-4.10	2.29	1.45-3.64
	≥ 10 years	Reference		Reference
Gender
	Male	0.93	0.54-1.68	0.91	0.59-1.41
	Female	Reference		Reference
Maternal schooling
	< 5^th grade	0.91	0.48-1.73	1.09	0.69-1.72
	≥ 5^th grade	Reference		Reference
Indicator of housing adequacy
	Inadequate	1.14	0.79-1.65	1.07	0.81-1.40
	Adequate	Reference		Reference
Nutritional status
	Underweight	2.09	1.02-5.08	2.14	1.10-4.17
	Normal weight + excess weight	Reference		Reference
Retinol A (μg)
	<1^st tertile of consumption (231.94)	0.97	0.35-1.33	0.89	0.56-1.41
	≥ 1^st tertile of consumption	Reference		Reference

Variables		Multivariate model (moderate/severe VAD)^a a Adequate levels of vitamin A: retinol levels ≥ 30 μg/dL (comparison group).		Multivariate model (borderline VAD)^a a Adequate levels of vitamin A: retinol levels ≥ 30 μg/dL (comparison group).
		adjusted OR	95% CI	adjusted OR	95% CI
Age
	< 10 years	2.19	1.17-4.10	2.34	1.47-3.73
	≥ 10 years	1		1
Nutritional status
	Underweight	2.01	1.01-5.05	2.14	1.08-4.21
	Normal weight + excess weight	1		1

Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria Av. Carlos Gomes, 328 cj. 304, 90480-000 Porto Alegre RS Brazil, Tel.: +55 51 3328-9520 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: jped@jped.com.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: rcrsilva@ufba.br (R. de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva).

Brasil

Brasil

Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in children and adolescents☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva R, Nunes IL, Assis AM. Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:486–92.

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in children and adolescents^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva R, Nunes IL, Assis AM. Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin A deficiency in children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2014;90:486–92.