Genetic control of soybean seed quality using partial diallel

The selection of soybean genotypes with seeds of high physiological quality is key to increasing the likelihood of establishment and success in the field and thus reaping higher yields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic control of the physiological quality of soybean seeds from a partial diallel cross. Six previously selected soybean cultivars, group 1 (CD 201, CA 115, MS 8400) and group 2 (CD 202, Syn 1263, Syn 1279), were intercrossed by a partial diallel cross, totalizing 24 treatments. Seeds from these cultivars and crosses were evaluated for seed physiological quality based on germination tests, first germination count, accelerated aging, seedlings emergence, and emergence speed index. The lignin content in the soybean seed coat was evaluated. The effects on general and specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were analyzed. There were significant additive and non-additive effects of the genes on the seed quality traits and pronounced effects on the reciprocal traits, which suggest the presence of a maternal effect. Lignin content was not correlated with the physiological test results in the studied genotypes.

Index terms:
combining ability; diallel analysis; Glycine max L.; maternal effect

Authorship

Elisa de Melo Castro ^**Corresponding author E-mail: elisa.castro@ufla.br

Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 - Lavras, MG, Brasil. Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, Brazil Universidade Federal de Lavras, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 - Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-4437

Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-3926

Peterson Sylvio de Oliveira Nunes

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-427X

Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-4969

Monik Evelin Leite

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, 36301-358 - São João Del Rei, MG, Brasil. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas GeraisBrazilSão João Del Rei, MG, Brazil Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, 36301-358 - São João Del Rei, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4640

Amador Eduardo de Lima

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-6925

*Corresponding author
E-mail: elisa.castro@ufla.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (6)

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Table 1
Mean values obtained through the first germination count (G1 - %), germination (G - %), early aging test (EA -%), seedling emergence (E - %), emergence speed index of seedlings (ESI) and lignin (L - mg.g^-1) from seeds of soybean genotypes and their crosses.

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Table 2
Diallel analysis of the data obtained for the tests of first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI) and lignin (L), including the parents, the seeds of the F2 plants and their reciprocals.

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Table 3
Estimates of the effects of the general combining abilities (GCA) and the respective standard deviations (SD) for the vigor of seeds evaluated by the tests of first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), and lignin contents (L).

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Table 4
Estimates of the effects of specific combining abilities (SCA) and the respective standard deviations (SD) for the vigor of seeds evaluated by the tests of first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), and lignin contents (L).

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Table 5
Mean effect of reciprocals and the t test for first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), and lignin contents (L) of the partial diallel.

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Table 6
Estimated Pearson correlation between the results of the accelerated aging test (EA), first germination count (G1), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), germination (G) and lignin contents (L).

Table 1 Mean values obtained through the first germination count (G1 - %), germination (G - %), early aging test (EA -%), seedling emergence (E - %), emergence speed index of seedlings (ESI) and lignin (L - mg.g^-1) from seeds of soybean genotypes and their crosses.

Genotypes	G1¹	G¹	EA	E¹	ESI	L
CD 201 (G1)	92 b	97 b	41 f	96 b	10.92 b	0.587 b
CA 115 (G1)	98 a	100 a	99 a	100 a	12.84 a	0.410 c
MS 8400 (G1)	49 e	61 d	46 e	63 d	6.79 d	0.370 d
CD 202 (G2)	98 a	100 a	99 a	100 a	12.10 a	0.405 c
Syn 1263 (G2)	98 a	99 a	88 b	100 a	11.63 a	0.215 h
Syn 1279 (G2)	92 b	97 b	78 c	99 a	12.08 a	0.310 f
Syn 1263(F) x CA 115(M)	92 b	97 b	29 g	100 a	12.34 a	0.202 h
CA 115(F) x Syn 1263(M)	94 b	99 a	79 c	100 a	13.04 a	0.400 c
Syn 1263(F) x MS 8400(M)	91 b	98 a	51 e	100 a	12.08 a	0.217 h
MS 8400(F) x Syn 1263(M)	70 d	85 c	40 f	79 c	8.70 c	0.355 d
Syn 1263(F) x CD 201(M)	85 c	97 b	52 e	100 a	12.25 a	0.225 h
CD 201(F) x Syn 1263(M)	65 d	77 c	23 g	76 c	7.67 d	0.615 a
CD 202(F) x MS 8400(M)	97 a	100 a	98 a	100 a	11.91 a	0.420 c
MS 8400(F) x CD 202(M)	85 c	94 b	58 d	93 b	10.39 b	0.363 d
CD 202(F) x CD 201(M)	99 a	100 a	97 a	100 a	12.11 a	0.600 b
CD 201(F) x CD 202(M)	67 d	85 c	33 f	84 c	8.81 c	0.378 d
CD 202(F) x CA 115(M)	96 b	100 a	88 b	99 a	11.97 a	0.448 c
CA 115(F) x CD 202(M)	98 a	99 a	97 a	100 a	12.51 a	0.408 c
Syn 1279(F) x CA 115(M)	87 c	95 b	59 d	96 a	11.55 b	0.260 g
CA 115(F) x Syn 1279(M)	93 b	98 b	65 d	100 a	12.52 a	0.428 c
Syn 1279(F) x MS 8400(M)	96 a	97 b	81 c	100 a	12.57 a	0.303 f
MS 8400(F) x Syn 1279(M)	84 c	89 c	53 e	88 c	10.88 b	0.373 d
Syn 1279(F) x CD 201(M)	93 b	99 a	91 a	100 a	12.37 a	0.325 e
CD 201(F) x Syn 1279(M)	83 c	93 b	36 f	100 a	11.16 b	0.638 a
CV (%)	6.85	3.9	10.65	4.73	6.61	4.8

Means followed by the same letters, in the columns, do not differ by the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability. ¹Scott-Knott test result with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100). CV: coefficient of variation.

Table 2 Diallel analysis of the data obtained for the tests of first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI) and lignin (L), including the parents, the seeds of the F2 plants and their reciprocals.

Source of variation	GL	G1^¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	G^¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	EA	E^¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	ESI	L
Treatments	23	0.145^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.122^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	2869.927^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.158^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	11.064^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.053^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
Parents (P)	5	0.282^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.257^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	2693.367^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.262^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	19.090^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.061^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
Group 1 (G1)	2	0.523^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.487^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	4206.333^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.465^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	38.213^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.054^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
Group 2 (G2)	2	0.039^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.023^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	420.333^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.005^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.287^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.036^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
G1 vs G2	1	0.284^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.264^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	4213.500^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.367^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	18.454^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.128^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
Crossings (C)	17	0.111^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.136^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	2928.163^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.089^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	9.245^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.054^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
GCA1	2	0.149^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.112^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	1230.056^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.130^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	16.763^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.109^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
GCA2	2	0.121^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.060^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	6437.389^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.039^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	4.257^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.060^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
SCA	4	0.025^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.032^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	436.639^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.078^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	3.593^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.003^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
Reciprocal	9	0.139^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.116^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	3633.037^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.185^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	11.194^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.063^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
P vs C	1	0.029^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.0001 ^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	2762.722^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.011 ^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	1.864 ^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.	0.0002 ^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.
Error	72	0.011	0.008	48.833	0.008	0.558	0.001
CV (%)		8.4	6.35	10.64	6.13	6.60	6.54
Means		87.333	94.305	62.528	95.194	11.384	0.386
R² GCA		0.287	0.227	0.308	0.147	0.267	0.368
R² GCA (G1)		0.158	0.148	0.049	0.112	0.213	0.238
R² GCA (G2)		0.128	0.079	0.259	0.034	0.054	0.131
R² SCA		0.053	0.084	0.0351	0.135	0.091	0.014
R² Reciprocal		0.660	0.689	0.657	0.718	0.641	0.618

¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); *,** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant. CV: coefficient of variation.

Table 3 Estimates of the effects of the general combining abilities (GCA) and the respective standard deviations (SD) for the vigor of seeds evaluated by the tests of first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), and lignin contents (L).

General combination ability (GCA)
Crossings	G1¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	G¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	EA	E¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	ESI	L
CD 201 (G1)	-0.075^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.054^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-7.60^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.034^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.65^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0769^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 (G1)	0.083^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.077^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	6.65^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.085^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.94^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0289^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 (G1)	-0.008^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.74^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.050^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.29^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0481^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 202 (G2)	0.065^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.056^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	15.64^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.009^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.10^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0494^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
Syn 1263(G2)	-0.076^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.041^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-17.03^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.044^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.36^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0506^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
Syn 1279(G2)	0.010^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.015^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.39^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.036^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.46^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0011^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
SD	0.018	0.0147419	1.16	0.015	0.12	0.0042

¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); *,** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.

Table 4 Estimates of the effects of specific combining abilities (SCA) and the respective standard deviations (SD) for the vigor of seeds evaluated by the tests of first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), and lignin contents (L).

Specific combining abilities (SCA)
Crossings	G1¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	G¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	EA	E¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	ESI	L
CD 201 x CD 202	-0.00^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-6.14^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.061^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.17^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0240^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1263	-0.036^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.054^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.47^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.056^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.40^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0072^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1279	0.043^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.076^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	6.61^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.117^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.58^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0168^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x CD 202	0.017^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	7.36^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.005^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.02^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0206^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1263	0.054^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.042^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.28^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.078^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.74^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0057^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1279	-0.071^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.064^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-8.64^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.073^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0149^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x CD 202	-0.009^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.000^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-1.22^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.067^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.16^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0035^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1263	-0.018^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.012^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.81^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.33^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0015^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1279	0.027^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.012^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	2.03^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.044^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.18^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0019^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
SD	0.025	0.021	1.65	0.021	0.18	0.0059

¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); *,** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.

Table 5 Mean effect of reciprocals and the t test for first germination count (G1), germination (G), accelerated aging (EA), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), and lignin contents (L) of the partial diallel.

Crossings	G1¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	G¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	EA	ESI	E¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	L
CD 201 x CD 02	-16^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-7.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-32^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-1.655^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-8.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.111^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1263	-10^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-10^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-14.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-2.285^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-12^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.195^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1279	-5^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-2.75^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-27.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.61^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.1565^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x CD 202	1^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.5^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	4.25^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.27^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.75^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.02^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1263	1^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.25^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.35^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0985^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1279	3.25^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.5^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	3^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.485^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	2^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.084^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x CD 202	-6.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-3^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-19.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.765^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-3.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0285^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1263	-10.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-6.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-5.5^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-1.695^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-10.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0685^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1279	-5.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-4^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-14.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.84^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-6.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.035^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.

¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); *,** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.

Table 6 Estimated Pearson correlation between the results of the accelerated aging test (EA), first germination count (G1), seedling emergence (E), emergence speed index (ESI), germination (G) and lignin contents (L).

	G1	E	G	ESI	L
EA	0.63^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.50^* ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.55^* ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.58^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.06^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
G1		0.78^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.92^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.78^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.08^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
E			0.85^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.89^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.13^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
G				0.81^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.12^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
ESI					-0.23^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.

*,** significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.

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Leia a Declaração de Acesso Aberto

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Genetic control of soybean seed quality using partial diallel

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: elisa.castro@ufla.br

General combination ability (GCA)
Crossings	G1¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	G¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	EA	E¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	ESI	L
CD 201 (G1)	-0.075^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.054^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-7.60^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.034^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.65^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0769^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 (G1)	0.083^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.077^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	6.65^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.085^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.94^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0289^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 (G1)	-0.008^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.74^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.050^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.29^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0481^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 202 (G2)	0.065^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.056^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	15.64^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.009^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.10^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0494^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
Syn 1263(G2)	-0.076^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.041^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-17.03^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.044^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.36^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0506^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
Syn 1279(G2)	0.010^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.015^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.39^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.036^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.46^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0011^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
SD	0.018	0.0147419	1.16	0.015	0.12	0.0042

Specific combining abilities (SCA)
Crossings	G1¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	G¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	EA	E¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	ESI	L
CD 201 x CD 202	-0.00^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-6.14^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.061^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.17^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0240^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1263	-0.036^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.054^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.47^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.056^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.40^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0072^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1279	0.043^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.076^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	6.61^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.117^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.58^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0168^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x CD 202	0.017^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	7.36^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.005^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.02^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0206^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1263	0.054^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.042^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.28^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.078^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.74^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0057^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1279	-0.071^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.064^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-8.64^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.073^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0149^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x CD 202	-0.009^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.000^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-1.22^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.067^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.16^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0035^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1263	-0.018^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.012^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.81^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.022^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.33^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0015^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1279	0.027^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.012^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	2.03^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.044^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.18^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0019^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
SD	0.025	0.021	1.65	0.021	0.18	0.0059

Crossings	G1¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	G¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	EA	ESI	E¹ ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	L
CD 201 x CD 02	-16^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-7.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-32^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-1.655^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-8.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.111^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1263	-10^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-10^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-14.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-2.285^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-12^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.195^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CD 201 x Syn 1279	-5^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-2.75^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-27.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.61^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.1565^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x CD 202	1^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.5^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	4.25^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.27^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.75^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.02^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1263	1^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.25^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.35^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0985^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
CA 115 x Syn 1279	3.25^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	1.5^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	3^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.485^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	2^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.084^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x CD 202	-6.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-3^* ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-19.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.765^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-3.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.0285^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1263	-10.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-6.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-5.5^NS ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-1.695^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-10.5^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.0685^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
MS 8400 x Syn 1279	-5.75^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-4^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-14.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.84^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-6.25^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.035^** ¹Analysis with data transformed into arc sine√(x/100); ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.

	G1	E	G	ESI	L
EA	0.63^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.50^* ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.55^* ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.58^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.06^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
G1		0.78^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.92^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.78^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.08^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
E			0.85^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	0.89^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.13^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
G				0.81^** ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.	-0.12^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.
ESI					-0.23^NS ,* significant at 5% and 1%, respectively, and NS not significant.