Tolerance to delay in drying of hybrid maize seeds related to parental line and temperature

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic composition and arrangement between female and male parents on tolerance to delayed drying of maize seeds, evaluating the physiological quality and enzyme expression. Ears were harvested close to the stage of physiological maturity (around 35% moisture) and the genotypes were identified as line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - ♀L1 and ♂L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (HR - ♀L2 and ♂L1). For assessment of physiological quality, CDR (4x6x2) was used, consisting of four genotypes, six times of delay before artificial drying (10, 18, 24, 28, 32, and 40 hours), and two drying delay temperatures (42 and 48 °C). DIC (4x3) was used for enzymatic expression, consisting of four genotypes and three delay times before artificial drying (10, 24 and 40 hours) at 48 °C. Analysis of variance F (p < 0.05), Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), and analysis of polynomial regressions were performed on the data. Lineage arrangement affects seed tolerance to drying delay. Therefore, susceptible lines should not be used as female parents. The seeds of the line most susceptible (L2) to delay in drying exhibit less expression of α-amylase (α-AM).

Index terms:
α-amylase; deterioration; germination; LEA proteins; vigor

Authorship

Júlia Camargos da Costa ^** Corresponding author E-mail: juliacamargosdacosta@hotmail.com

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Glória, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de UberlândiaBrazilUberlândia, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Glória, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7198-5615

Everson Reis Carvalho

Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA. Departamento de Agronomia, Av. Central UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brasil. Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA. Departamento de Agronomia, Av. Central UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4925-4100

Izabel Costa Silva Neta

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-6943

Milena Christy Santos

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6786-2674

Luciano Dias Cabral Neto

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7338-1129

Débora Kelli Rocha

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-8925

* Corresponding author
E-mail: juliacamargosdacosta@hotmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (5)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Germination percentage of seeds from four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) at the temperatures of 42 °C (A) and 48 °C (B) during the period of delay in drying.

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Figure 2
Emergence percentage of seedlings coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) at the temperatures of 42 °C (A) and 48 °C (B).

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Figure 3
Percentage of normal seedlings after the cold test coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) at the temperatures of 42 °C (A) and 48 °C (B).

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Figure 4
Electrophoretic pattern of heat-resistant proteins (late embryogenesis abundant proteins - LEA proteins) in seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) under delay in drying for 10, 24, and 40 hours at 48 °C.

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Figure 5
Electrophoretic pattern of the α-amylase enzyme in seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) under delay in drying for 10, 24, and 40 hours at 48 °C.

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Table 1
Germination percentage of seeds from four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) according to temperatures and periods of delay in drying.

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Table 2
Emergence percentage of seedlings coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) according to temperatures and periods of delay in drying.

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Table 3
Percentage of normal seedlings after the cold test coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) according to temperatures and periods of delay in drying.

Figure 1 Germination percentage of seeds from four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) at the temperatures of 42 °C (A) and 48 °C (B) during the period of delay in drying.

Figure 2 Emergence percentage of seedlings coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) at the temperatures of 42 °C (A) and 48 °C (B).

Figure 3 Percentage of normal seedlings after the cold test coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) at the temperatures of 42 °C (A) and 48 °C (B).

Figure 4 Electrophoretic pattern of heat-resistant proteins (late embryogenesis abundant proteins - LEA proteins) in seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) under delay in drying for 10, 24, and 40 hours at 48 °C.

Figure 5 Electrophoretic pattern of the α-amylase enzyme in seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) under delay in drying for 10, 24, and 40 hours at 48 °C.

Table 1 Germination percentage of seeds from four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) according to temperatures and periods of delay in drying.

Delay in drying (hours)	Temperature of delay environment (°C)	Genetic material^* * Mean values followed by the same uppercase letter in the row and lowercase letter in the column in each period of delay do not differ from each other at 5% probability by Tukey’s test. CV: Coefficient of variation.
Delay in drying (hours)	Temperature of delay environment (°C)	L1	L2	HB	RH
10	42	91 Ba	80 Ca	98 Aa	89 Ba
10	48	94 Aa	77 Ba	95 Aa	91 Aa
18	42	93 Ba	80 Ca	99 Aa	94 Ba
18	48	95 ABa	72 Cb	98 Aa	92 Ba
24	42	92 Ba	82 Ca	99 Aa	95 ABa
24	48	90 Ba	74 Cb	98 Aa	90 Bb
28	42	88 Ba	82 Ca	98 Aa	89 Ba
28	48	89 Ba	63 Cb	97 Aa	89 Ba
32	42	96 Aa	82 Ca	99 Aa	89 Ba
32	48	92 Bb	76 Db	99 Aa	85 Cb
40	42	92 Ba	80 Ca	99 Aa	94 Ba
40	48	90 Ba	59 Cb	97 Aa	94 ABa
CV (%) = 2.75%

^*
Mean values followed by the same uppercase letter in the row and lowercase letter in the column in each period of delay do not differ from each other at 5% probability by Tukey’s test. CV: Coefficient of variation.

Table 2 Emergence percentage of seedlings coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) according to temperatures and periods of delay in drying.

Delay in drying (hours)	Temperature of delay environment (°C)	Genetic material^* * Mean values followed by the same uppercase letter in the row and lowercase letter in the column in each period of delay do not differ from each other at 5% probability by Tukey’s test. CV: Coefficient of variation.
Delay in drying (hours)	Temperature of delay environment (°C)	L1	L2	HB	RH
10	42	87 Db	93 Ba	95 Aa	90 Cb
10	48	89 Ba	81 Cb	93 Ab	92 Aa
18	42	88 Da	93 Ca	96 Aa	94 Ba
18	48	87 Bb	72 Cb	96 Aa	87 Bb
24	42	88 Ca	88 Ca	99 Aa	92 Ba
24	48	80 Cb	76 Db	97 Ab	83 Bb
28	42	83 Ca	95 Aa	95 Aa	92 Ba
28	48	76 Cb	67 Db	95 Aa	89 Bb
32	42	89 Cb	93 Ba	98 Aa	92 Ba
32	48	92 Ba	86 Cb	94 Ab	86 Cb
40	42	86 Da	93 Ca	97 Aa	94 Ba
40	48	84 Bb	60 Cb	85 Bb	94 Aa
CV (%) = 1.6%

^*
Mean values followed by the same uppercase letter in the row and lowercase letter in the column in each period of delay do not differ from each other at 5% probability by Tukey’s test. CV: Coefficient of variation.

Table 3 Percentage of normal seedlings after the cold test coming from seeds of four maize genotypes: line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2), the hybrid (HB - female L1 and male L2), and the reciprocal hybrid (RH - female L2 and male L1) according to temperatures and periods of delay in drying.

Delay in drying (hours)	Temperature of delay environment (°C)	Genetic material^* * Mean values followed by the same uppercase letter in the row and lowercase letter in the column in each period of delay do not differ from each other at 5% probability by Tukey’s test. CV: Coefficient of variation.
Delay in drying (hours)	Temperature of delay environment (°C)	L1	L2	HB	RH
10	42	91 Da	95 Ba	98 Aa	93 Ca
10	48	91 Ca	93 Bb	97 Ab	92 Cb
18	42	94 Ca	98 ABa	99 Aa	96 Ba
18	48	88 Cb	90 Bb	99 Aa	88 Cb
24	42	92 Ca	90 Db	98 Aa	96 Ba
24	48	91 Cb	93 Ba	97 Ab	93 Bb
28	42	87 Ca	97 Aa	98 Aa	94 Bb
28	48	79 Db	87 Cb	97 Ab	95 Ba
32	42	97 Ba	94 Da	99 Aa	96 Ca
32	48	93 Bb	93 Bb	97 Ab	93 Bb
40	42	90 Cb	93 Ba	98 Aa	98 Aa
40	48	91 Ba	74 Cb	96 Ab	96 Ab
CV (%) = 1.52

^*
Mean values followed by the same uppercase letter in the row and lowercase letter in the column in each period of delay do not differ from each other at 5% probability by Tukey’s test. CV: Coefficient of variation.

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Tolerance to delay in drying of hybrid maize seeds related to parental line and temperature

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[1] * Corresponding author
E-mail: juliacamargosdacosta@hotmail.com