Oliveira, Gustavo Roberto Fonseca de; Cicero, Silvio Moure; Gomes-Junior, Francisco Guilhien; Batista, Thiago Barbosa; Krzyzanowski, Francisco Carlos; França-Neto, José de Barros

Resumo:

O tratamento químico de sementes de soja é muito importante para assegurar o sucesso no estabelecimento da lavoura. Contudo, deve-se ter atenção a problemas, como a fitotoxicidade de combinações de produtos, capazes de reduzir o desempenho fisiológico. O uso de recursos computacionais para identificar efeitos fitotóxicos têm potencial para integrar às etapas do controle de qualidade de sementes tratadas. O objetivo foi verificar se a análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas permite avaliar de forma eficiente e simplificada a fitotoxicidade do tratamento químico de sementes de soja. As sementes de dois lotes foram tratadas com fungicidas, inseticidas, micronutrientes e combinações entre eles, além de polímero e pó secante (recobrimentos). Após o tratamento químico, as sementes foram avaliadas quanto a germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em areia, envelhecimento acelerado e o desempenho de plântulas com e sem a correção de regiões não demarcadas automaticamente (Vigor-S). Verificamos alta correlação dos parâmetros do Vigor-S com os testes tradicionais para detecção de efeitos fitotóxicos do tratamento químico, independente da correção feita no sistema. A análise computadorizada de imagens de plântulas é um recurso eficiente e de alta sensibilidade para avaliar a fitotoxicidade do tratamento químico de sementes de soja.

Termos para indexação:
Glycine max L.; tratamento de sementes; visão computacional; processamento de imagens; sistema Vigor-S

[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: grfonseca.agro@gmail.com

Seed Treat. ^* * Seed treatment: Treatment 1 (control: seeds without chemical treatment); Treatment 2 (micronutrients); Treatment 3 (fungicides + micronutrients); Treatment 4 (insecticides + micronutrients); Treatment 5 (fungicides + insecticides + micronutrients);	Sample	F¹ 1 Fungicides (formulation containing the mixture of carbendazim and thiram; 2 mL.kg-1);	I² 2 Insecticides (formulation containing the mixture of imidacloprid and thiodicarb; 5 mL.kg-1).	M³ 3 Micronutrients (CoMo®: formulation containing the mixture of cobalt and molybdenum; 1.2 mL.kg-1);	P⁴ 4 Polymer (Peridiam®; 2 mL.kg-1);	Total	Total	DP⁵ 5 Drying powder (Talkum Gloss®; 3.5 g.kg-1).
	g^ Weight (g) of seeds under chemical treatment;	----------------- mL ----------------				mL.100 kg^-1		g
Treatment 1	500	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	-
Treatment 2	500	-	-	0.6	1.0	1.6	320	1.8
Treatment 3	500	1.0	-	0.6	1.0	2.6	520	1.8
Treatment 4	500	-	2.5	0.6	1.0	4.1	820	1.8
Treatment 5	500	1.0	2.5	0.6	1.0	5.1	1020	1.8

Seed treat.¹ 1 Seed treatment: Treatment 1 (seeds without chemical treatment); Treatment 2 (micronutrients); Treatment 3 (fungicides + micronutrients); Treatment 4 (insecticides + micronutrients); Treatment 5 (fungicides + insecticides + micronutrients);	Germ (%)	FC (%)	SE (%)	AA (%)	MC-AA (%)
	Lot 1
Treatment 1	97 a^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters in each column within each test differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability;	93 a	92 a	85 a	26.1
Treatment 2	91 a	85 ab	91 a	78 a	25.6
Treatment 3	90 a	85 ab	91 a	88 a	27.5
Treatment 4	91 a	86 ab	92 a	81 a	27.0
Treatment 5	88 a	81 b	87 a	66 b	25.3
LSD	9.7	9.6	9.0	10.9	-
C.V. (%)	4.9	5.1	4.6	6.3	-
	Lot 2
Treatment 1	92 a^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters in each column within each test differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability;	88 a	92 a	84 a	26.1
Treatment 2	90 a	85 a	85 ab	77 ab	28.5
Treatment 3	93 a	87 a	86 ab	80 a	27.6
Treatment 4	88 a	81 a	78 b	77 ab	26.9
Treatment 5	90 a	78 a	84 ab	69 b	29.0
LSD	9.3	11.4	12.1	10.9	-
C.V. (%)	4.7	6.3	6.5	6.5	-

Seed treat.¹ 1 Seed treatment: Treatment 1 (seeds without chemical treatment); Treatment 2 (micronutrients); Treatment 3 (fungicides + micronutrients); Treatment 4 (insecticides + micronutrients); Treatment 5 (fungicides + insecticides + micronutrients); Lot 1	Vigor	Growth	Unif.	Hypo. L.	Root L.	Seedling L.
	---------- Index ----------			-------------- cm ---------------
	Without correction
Treatment 1	737 a^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters in each column within each test differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability;	729 a	753 a	1.9 a	6.4 a	8.6 a
Treatment 2	673 a	662 a	697 ab	2.2 a	5.9 a	8.2 a
Treatment 3	711 a	686 a	768 a	1.9 ab	6.2 a	8.1 a
Treatment 4	583 ab	546 a	667 ab	1.8 ab	4.9 a	6.7 a
Treatment 5	385 b	316 b	547 b	1.3 b	2.8 b	4.1 b
LSD	206.8	219.9	202.4	0.61	2.0	2.5
C.V. (%)	15.3	17.1	13.5	15.4	17.4	15.8
	With correction
Treatment 1	672 a^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters in each column within each test differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability;	627 a	776 a	3.2 a	5.8 a	9.0 a
Treatment 2	626 a	596 a	697 ab	3.1 a	5.5 a	8.6 a
Treatment 3	650 a	594 a	780 ab	2.9 a	5.5 a	8.5 a
Treatment 4	540 ab	479 a	684 ab	2.7 ab	4.4 a	7.1 a
Treatment 5	375 b	286 b	583 b	1.9 b	2.6 b	4.5 b
LSD	175.4	179.8	194.6	0.83	1.73	2.5
C.V. (%)	14.0	16.0	12.7	13.7	16.6	14.8

Seed treat.¹ 1 Seed treatment: Treatment 1 (seeds without chemical treatment); Treatment 2 (micronutrients); Treatment 3 (fungicides + micronutrients); Treatment 4 (insecticides + micronutrients); Treatment 5 (fungicides + insecticides + micronutrients); Lot 2	Vigor	Growth	Unif.	Hypo. L.	Root L.	Seedling L.
	---------- Index ----------			-------------- cm ---------------
	Without correction
Treatment 1	861 a^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters in each column within each test differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability;	898 a	775 a	2.4 a	8.2 a	10.6 a
Treatment 2	807 a	834 a	747 a	2.2 ab	7.6 a	9.8 a
Treatment 3	730 ab	747 ab	691 a	2.1 ab	6.8 ab	8.9 ab
Treatment 4	618 b	598 b	661 a	1.8 b	5.4 b	7.2 b
Treatment 5	608 b	581 b	671 a	1.8 b	5.3 b	7.0 b
LSD	162.8	196.5	120.0	0.5	1.9	2.1
C.V. (%)	10.3	12.3	7.8	11.0	12.8	11.1
	With correction
Treatment 1	802 a^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters in each column within each test differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability;	810 a	786 a	3.4 a	7.7 a	11.1 a
Treatment 2	748 a	742 a	762 a	3.3 a	7.0 a	10.4 a
Treatment 3	678 ab	666 ab	699 a	2.9 a	6.3 ab	9.3 ab
Treatment 4	571 b	523 b	676 a	2.6 a	4.9 b	7.6 b
Treatment 5	570 b	511 b	708 a	2.7 a	4.7 b	7.5 b
LSD	145.2	172.7	114.3	1.0	1.7	2.3
C.V. (%)	9.9	12.1	7.2	15.2	12.7	11.6

Brasil

Brasil

Computerized analysis of seedling performance in evaluating the phytotoxicity of chemical treatment of soybean seeds

Resumo: