Deriva simulada de dicamba: efeitos sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja

Com a inserção de variedades de soja resistentes ao herbicida dicamba, surge a possibilidade de deriva deste herbicida em campos de produção e a ocorrência de redução na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja em função da aplicação de subdoses de dicamba em duas fases fenológicas. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O esquema fatorial 4 x 2 + 1 composto por quatro doses (0,028, 0,28, 2,8 e 28 g.ha^-1) de dicamba aplicados em V₄ e R₂ + testemunha. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada após a colheita e aos seis meses após armazenadas a 20 °C. Na dose de 28 g.ha^-1 de dicamba aplicados em V₄ e R₂, as sementes apresentaram redução da germinação em 15 e 42%, respectivamente. Após o armazenamento, as sementes do tratamento com 28 g.ha^-1 de dicamba apresentaram germinação 64% menor se comparado à menor dose avaliada e a condutividade elétrica duplicou em relação à testemunha. As sementes de soja têm sua qualidade fisiológica reduzida por subdoses de dicamba aplicadas nos estádios V₄ e R₂ tanto antes quanto após o armazenamento.

Termos para indexação:
armazenamento; épocas de aplicação; germinação; Glycine max; subdoses

Autoria

Estevam Matheus Costa ^**Corresponding author E-mail: estevammcosta@yahoo.com.br

Instituto Federal Goiano, campus Rio Verde, 75901-970 - Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil.Instituto Federal GoianoBrazilRio Verde, Goiás, BrazilInstituto Federal Goiano, campus Rio Verde, 75901-970 - Rio Verde, Goiás, Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-1222

Jacson Zuchi

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-9650

Matheus Vinícius Abadia Ventura

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-121X

Leandro Spíndola Pereira

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-0330

Geovani Borges Caetano

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-2889

Adriano Jakelaitis

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-9846

*Corresponding author
E-mail: estevammcosta@yahoo.com.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tabelas

Tabelas (4)

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Table 1
Germination percentage (G) and first germination count (FGC) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

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Table 2
Accelerated aging (AA) and seedling length (SL) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

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Table 3
Emergence speed index (ESI) and emergence percentage (E) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

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Table 4
Electrical conductivity (EC) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

Table 1 Germination percentage (G) and first germination count (FGC) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

Reduced application rate (g a.e. ha^-1)	G (%)		Mean	FGC (%)		Mean
	V₄	R₂	Mean	V₄	R₂	Mean
	Seeds obtained after harvest
0.028	84 abA	90 aA	87	92	R₂	97	94 a
0.28	93 aA	94 aA	93	94	97	95 a
2.8	90 aA	92 aA	91	93	96	94 a
28	77 bA ^(-)	52 bB ^(-)	64	74 ^(-)	67 ^(-)	71 b
Mean	86	82	-	88	89	-
Control	91			97
CV (%)	6.84		-	5.83		-
F_A	42.6077*			42.8049*
F_B	3.8257^ns			0.2257^ns
F_AxB	11.3549*			2.3962^ns
F_TreatxAddit.	4.6642*			6.7670*
	Seeds stored for six months after storage
0.028	77	83	80 a	91	92	92 a
0.28	87	82	84 a	95	91	93 a
2.8	82	70	76 a	93	80	87 a
28	34	23	29 b	63	71	67 b
Mean	70	64	-	85	84	-
Control	62			93
CV (%)	23.90		-	13.99		-
F_A	21.2300*			8.3836*
F_B	0.9986^ns			0.1970^ns
F_AxB	0.5459^ns			1.0906^ns
F_TreatxAddit.	0.3775^ns			1.5939^ns

*Significant by the F test (p > 0.05); ^ns: not significant by the F test; F_A = application rate factor; F_B = soybean phenological stage factor; F_AXB = interaction; F_TreatxAddit. = treatments x additional. Mean values followed by different lowercase letters in the columns or different uppercase letters in the rows differ from each other by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Mean values followed by (-) were less than the control by the Dunnett test (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Accelerated aging (AA) and seedling length (SL) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

Reduced application rate (g a.e. ha^-1)	AA (%)		Mean	SL (cm)		Mean
	V₄	R₂	Mean	V₄	R₂	Mean
	Seeds obtained after harvest
0.028	78	79	78 a	8.8	10.3	9.5 a
0.28	80	68	74 a	11.7	11.1	11.4 a
2.8	75	79	77 a	11.3	11.2	11.2 a
28	51^(-)	49^(-)	50 b	6.8	6.3	6.5 b
Mean	71	69	-	9.6	9.7	-
Control	81			9.2
CV (%)	12.26		-	14.79		-
F_A	19.4619**			19.9520*
F_B	0.5071^ns			0.0271^ns
F_AxB	1.3217^ns			1.0389^ns
F_TreatxAddit.	6.3989*			0.3269^ns
	Seeds stored for six months after harvest
0.028	25	37	31 ab	15.4	14.3	14.8 ab
0.28	56	20	38 a	16.1	16.0	16.0 a
2.8	34	26	30 ab	15.4	11.2	13.3 ab
28	3	6	5 b	12.8	8.9	10.8 b
Mean	30	22	-	14.9 A	12.6 B	-
Control	35			12.2
CV (%)	49.36		-	22.06		-
F_A	3.3352*			4.5233*
F_B	0.8250^ns			4.9096*
F_AxB	1.6132^ns			0.9666^ns
F_TreatxAddit.	0.5987^ns			0.9360ns

*Significant by the F test (p > 0.05); ^ns: not significant by the F test; F_A = application rate factor; F_B = soybean phenological stage factor; F_AXB = interaction; F_TreatxAddit. = treatments x additional. Mean values followed by different lowercase letters in the columns or different uppercase letters in the rows differ from each other by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Mean values followed by (-) were less than the control by the Dunnett test (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Emergence speed index (ESI) and emergence percentage (E) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

Reduced application rate (g a.e. ha^-1)	ESI		Mean	E (%)		Mean
	V₄	R₂	Mean	V₄	R₂	Mean
	Seeds obtained after harvest
0.028	9.6	8.9	9.3 a	96	92	94 a
0.28	9.7	9.0	9.4 a	97	92	94 a
2.8	9.3	9.5	9.4 a	93	93	93 a
28	8.3	7.1	7.7 b	86	71	78 b
Mean	9.2	8.6	-	93 A	87 B	-
Control	9.7			95
CV (%)	9.29		-	8.28		-
F_A	7.4815*			8.3180*
F_B	4.0471^ns			5.2527*
F_AxB	0.8851^ns			1.4788^ns
F_TreatxAddit.	3.0507^ns			1.5682^ns
	Seeds stored for six months after harvest
0.028	8.3 aA	9.1 aA	8.7	80 aA	85 aA	82
0.28	10.2 aA	8.4 abB	9.3	91 aA	86 aA	88
2.8	8.8 aA	8.8 abA	8.8	83 aA	83 aA	83
28	3.1 bB	6.9 bA	5.0	37 bB	64 bA	50
Mean	7.6	8.3	-	73	79	-
Control	8.8			81
CV (%)	12.76		-	11.54		-
F_A	29.3740*			30.6646*
F_B	3.9951^ns			4.6684*
F_AxB	10.2919*			5.0964*
F_TreatxAddit.	2.6923^ns			1.1385^ns

*Significant by the F test (p > 0.05); ^ns: not significant by the F test; F_A = application rate factor; F_B = soybean phenological stage factor; F_AXB = interaction; F_TreatxAddit. = treatments x additional. Mean values followed by different lowercase letters in the columns or different uppercase letters in the rows differ from each other by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).

Table 4 Electrical conductivity (EC) of soybean seeds under reduced rates of dicamba applied in the V₄ and R₂ stages in evaluations made after crop harvest and after six months of storage.

Reduced application rate (g a.e. ha^-1)	EC (µS cm^-1 g^-1)		Mean
	V₄	R₂	Mean
	Seeds obtained after harvest
0.028	81 aA	70 aA	76
0.28	73 aA	73 aA	73
2.8	86 aA	80 aA	83
28	92 aA	140 bB ^(-)	116
Mean	83	91	-
Control	71
CV (%)	14.83		-
F_A	20.3090*
F_B	3.1322^ns
F_AxB	9.1157*
F_TreatxAddit.	5.4284*
	Seeds stored for six months after harvest
0.028	111	121	116 a
0.28	106	115	110 a
2.8	124	121	123 a
28	143	196 ^(-)	169 b
Mean	121	138	-
Control	95
CV (%)	21.81		-
F_A	7.7299*
F_B	3.2206^ns
F_AxB	1.5916^ns
F_TreatxAddit.	5.5371*

*Significant by the F test (p > 0.05); ^ns: not significant by the F test; F_A = application rate factor; F_B = soybean phenological stage factor; F_AXB = interaction; F_TreatxAddit. = treatments x additional. Mean values followed by different lowercase letters in the columns or different uppercase letters in the rows differ from each other by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Mean values followed by (-) were less than the control by the Dunnett test (p < 0.05).

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Deriva simulada de dicamba: efeitos sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: estevammcosta@yahoo.com.br