ACC deaminase-producing bacteria mitigate water deficit in tomato seeds

Santos, Helena Souza Nascimento; Ribeiro, Regina Cássia Ferreira; David, Andréia Márcia de Souza; Santos Neto, José Augusto dos; Xavier, Adelica Aparecida; Santos, João Rafael Prudêncio

doi:10.1590/2317-1545v47292543

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ARTICLE • J. Seed Sci. 47 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v47292543 linkcopy

ACC deaminase-producing bacteria mitigate water deficit in tomato seeds

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Bacteria that modulate ethylene levels through the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase are a promising strategy to mitigate the effects of water stress. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of these bacteria on the germination and growth of tomato seedlings subjected to water deficit. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design and 6x5 factorial scheme, with six seed treatments (four bacterial isolates and two controls) and five PEG 6000-induced osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, and -0.8 MPa), with four replications of 50 seeds. Germination, radicle protrusion, first germination count (FGC), germination speed index (GSI), and the fresh weight, root and shoot length of seedlings were evaluated. The results indicated that bacteria with ACC-deaminase activity favored germination and seedling development under water stress. Although water deficit reduced germination, isolate RZ-1 effectively mitigated these effects at -0.4 MPa. Strains E-154 and E-24 promoted the highest root and shoot growth.

Index terms:
aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase; ethylene; osmotic potential; PEG 6000; Solanum lycopersicum L

Authorship

person Helena Souza Nascimento Santos *

Conceptualization · Methodology · Investigation · Formal analysis · Data curation · Visualization · Writing - original draft

schoolDepartamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosBrazilJanaúba, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

0000-0001-6413-3011

person Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro

Conceptualization · Data curation · Formal analysis · Methodology · Project administration · Resources · Supervision · Writing - review & editing

0000-0001-5138-8402

person Andréia Márcia de Souza David

Conceptualization · Methodology · Formal analysis · Data curation · Visualization · Writing-review & editing

0000-0002-2747-5941

person José Augusto dos Santos Neto

Formal analysis · Data curation · Visualization · Writing-review & editing

0000-0002-8187-2411

person Adelica Aparecida Xavier

Methodology · Formal analysis · Visualization · Writing-review & editing

0000-0001-9814-4587

person João Rafael Prudêncio Santos

Conceptualization · Methodology · Formal analysis · Visualization · Writing-review & editing

0000-0002-8090-9892

person*Corresponding author helenasns.29@gmail.com

Editor:

Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosBrazilJanaúba, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Av. Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Tables

Tables (9)

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Table 1 Regression equations for germination speed index (GSI), radicle protrusion, and first count in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 2 Germination (%) of tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 3 Germination speed index in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 4 Radicle protrusion in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 5 First germination count (%) in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 6 Regression equations for shoot length (SL), root length (RL), and seedling fresh weight (SFW) of tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 7 Shoot length of tomato seedlings from seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 8 Root length of tomato seedlings from seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

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Table 9 Fresh weight of tomato seedlings from seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

table_chartTable 1 Regression equations for germination speed index (GSI), radicle protrusion, and first count in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	VARIABLES
	Germination (%)		GSI
	Regression Equation	R²	Regression Equation	R²
E -24	ŷ= 134.00x + 92.10	0.73	ŷ = 14.85x + 9.69	0.80
E-154	ŷ = 136.00x + 91.80	0.82	ŷ = 14.95x + 9.89	0.85
E-37	ŷ = 113.42x + 75.95	0.81	ŷ = 12.06x + 7.93	0.80
RZ-1	ŷ = 131.67x + 93.03	0.90	ŷ = 11.51x + 8.03	0.86
No bacteria	ŷ = 126.84x + 86.67	0.80	ŷ = 13.58x + 8.87	0.76
Absolute control	ŷ = 138.34x + 93.13	0.78	ŷ = 13.02x + 8.75	0.80
	VARIABLES
	Radicle Protrusion		First Count
	Regression Equation	R²	Regression Equation	R²
E -24	ŷ = 64.17x + 38.73	0.53	ŷ = 94.67x + 58.40	0.63
E-154	ŷ = 67.37x + 40.56	0.52	ŷ = 88.75x + 55.20	0.67
E-37	ŷ = 40.00x + 24.00	0.50	ŷ = 78.34x + 47.73	0.57
RZ-1	ŷ = 39.04x + 23.68	0.55	ŷ = 63.01x + 39.07	0.66
No bacteria	ŷ = 51.16x + 31.09	0.56	ŷ = 87.34x + 52.93	0.55
Absolute control	ŷ = 51.415x + 32.58	0.75	ŷ = 85.75x + 54.60	0.77

table_chartTable 2 Germination (%) of tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	Osmotic Potential (MPa)
Isolates	0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8
E-24	93.50	92.00 a	0.00 d	3.00	0.00
E-154	94.00	84.00 b	9.00 bc	0.00	0.00
E-37	94.67	44.00 d	11.00 b	0.00	3.25
RZ-1	90.00	83.33 b	28.50 a	0.00	0.00
No bacteria	96.00	72.67 c	4.00 cd	4.67	0.00
Absolute control	92.67	91.33 a	5.00 bcd	0.17	0.00
	CV (%) 8.30

Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).

table_chartTable 3 Germination speed index in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	Osmotic Potential (MPa)
Isolates	0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8
E-24	11.36 a	7.19 b	0.00 d	0.21	0.00
E-154	11.27 a	7.35 ab	0.94 b	0.00	0.00
E-37	9.80 b	4.53 d	0.84 bc	0.00	0.19
RZ-1	7.73 c	7.55 ab	1.85 a	0.00	0.00
No bacteria	11.29 a	5.34 c	0.08 cd	0.18	0.29
Absolute control	9.05 b	8.11 a	0.37 bcd	0.17	0.00
	CV (%) 10.73

Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).

table_chartTable 4 Radicle protrusion in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	Osmotic Potential (MPa)
Isolates	0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8
E-24	63.00 a	2.33 b	0.00	0.00	0.00
E-154	66.67 a	1.39 b	0.00	0.00	0.00
E-37	40.00 b	0.00 b	0.00	0.00	0.00
RZ-1	37.75 b	2.58 b	0.00	0.00	0.00
No bacteria	45.00 b	0.00 b	0.00	0.00	0.00
Absolute control	42.75 b	17.33 a	0.00	0.00	0.00
	CV (%) 64.62

Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).

table_chartTable 5 First germination count (%) in tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	Osmotic Potential (MPa)
Isolates	0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8
E-24	86.67 a	16.00 bc	0.00	0.00	0.00
E-154	79.00 ab	19.50 ab	0.00	0.00	0.00
E-37	74.67 ab	7.33 bc	0.00	0.00	0.00
RZ-1	56.67 c	12.67 bc	0.00	0.00	0.00
No bacteria	84.67 a	5.33 c	0.00	0.00	0.00
Absolute control	70.00 b	31.50 a	0.00	0.00	0.00
	CV (%) 34.63

Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).

table_chartTable 6 Regression equations for shoot length (SL), root length (RL), and seedling fresh weight (SFW) of tomato seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

solates	VARIABLES
	SL (cm)		RL (cm)		SFW (g)
	Equation	R²	Equation	R²	Equation	R²
E -24	ŷ = 8.83x + 5.66	0.78	ŷ = 6.33x + 4.06	0.79	ŷ = 2.21x + 1.41	0.78
E-154	ŷ = 7.31x + 4.72	0.79	ŷ = 6.83x + 4.36	0.78	ŷ = 1.91x + 1.21	0.75
E-37	ŷ = 7.36x + 4.92	0.77	ŷ = 5.13x + 3.36	0.78	ŷ = 1.88x + 1.19	0.69
RZ-1	ŷ = 8.34x + 5.71	0.82	ŷ = 5.63x + 3.78	0.79	ŷ = 2.03x + 1.31	0.77
No bacteria	ŷ = 7.72x + 4.87	0.74	ŷ = 5.36x + 3.32	0.66	ŷ = 2.03x + 1.27	0.69
Absolute control	ŷ = 7.32x + 4.66	0.77	ŷ = 5.80x + 3.65	0.73	ŷ = 1.91x + 1.21	0.75

table_chartTable 7 Shoot length of tomato seedlings from seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	Osmotic Potential (MPa)
Isolates	0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8
E-24	7.03 b	3.60 a	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
E-154	7.68 a	3.85 a	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
E-37	6.08 d	2.45 b	0.45 b	0.00	0.00
RZ-1	7.15 b	2.38 b	2.33 a	0.00	0.00
No bacteria	6.50 c	2.43 b	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
Absolute control	5.98 d	2.68 b	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
	CV (%) 12.16

Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).

table_chartTable 8 Root length of tomato seedlings from seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	Osmotic Potential (MPa)
Isolates	0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8
E-24	5.03 b	2.60 a	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
E-154	5.50 a	2.65 a	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
E-37	4.43 c	1.40 b	0.70 b	0.00	0.00
RZ-1	4.90 b	1.45 b	1.30 a	0.00	0.00
No bacteria	4.83 b	1.05 c	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
Absolute control	4.93 b	1.73 b	0.00 c	0.00	0.00
	CV 15.16 %

Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).

table_chartTable 9 Fresh weight of tomato seedlings from seeds microbiolized with ACC deaminase-producing bacteria under PEG 6000-induced water deficit.

Isolates	Osmotic Potential (MPa)
Isolates	0	-0.2	-0.4	-0.6	-0.8
E-24	1.78 b	0.85 a	0.00 b	0.00	0.00
E-154	2.03 a	0.90 a	0.00 b	0.00	0.00
E-37	1.68 c	0.40 c	0.10 a	0.00	0.00
RZ-1	1.73 b	0.60 b	0.15 a	0.00	0.00
No bacteria	1.78 b	0.50 c	0.00 b	0.00	0.00
Absolute control	1.58 c	0.65 b	0.00 b	0.00	0.00
	CV (%) 18.44

Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).

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[TFN1] Means followed by different letters in the rows do not differ significantly according to the Scott-Knott test (P> 0.01%).