T. blondi
|
Crude venom |
Neuromuscular blockage |
Mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation |
Fontana et al. [1414. Fontana M, Lucas H, Vital Brazil O. Neuromuscular blocking action of the Theraphosa blondii spider venom. J Venom Anim Toxins. 2002;8(2):316-23. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-79302002000200010. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-7930200200...
] |
T. blondi
|
Crude venom |
A-type currents inhibition on recombinant Kv4.2 channels |
Recombinant C57/B16 Recombinant HEK 293 |
Ebbinghaus et al. [1515. Ebbinghaus J, Legros C, Nolting A, Guette C, Celerier ML, Pongs O, Bahring R. Modulation of Kv4. 2 channels by a peptide isolated from the venom of the giant bird-eating tarantula Theraphosa leblondi. Toxicon. 2004 Jun 15;43(8):923-32.] |
T. blondi
|
κ-theraphotoxin-Tb1a |
Inhibition of recombinant Kv4.2 channels Slowed Kv 4.2 kinetics |
Recombinant C57/B16 Recombinant HEK 293 |
Ebbinghaus et al. [1515. Ebbinghaus J, Legros C, Nolting A, Guette C, Celerier ML, Pongs O, Bahring R. Modulation of Kv4. 2 channels by a peptide isolated from the venom of the giant bird-eating tarantula Theraphosa leblondi. Toxicon. 2004 Jun 15;43(8):923-32.] |
T. apophysys
|
TRTX-Tap1a Recombinant TRTX-Tap1a |
Inhibitory activity on Nav channels Inhibitory activity on Cav channels |
Recombinant C57/B16 Recombinant HEK 293 |
Cardoso et al. [1818. Cardoso FC, Castro J, Grundy L, Schober G, Garcia-Caraballo S, Zhao T, Herzig V, King GF, Brierley SM, Lewis RJ. A spider-venom peptide with multitarget activity on sodium and calcium channels alleviates chronic visceral pain in a model of irritable bowel syndrome. Pain. 2021 Feb 1;162(2):569-81. ] |
T. apophysys
|
TRTX-Tap2a Recombinant TRTX-Tap2a |
Inhibitory activity on Nav channels Inhibitory activity on Cav channels |
Recombinant C57/B16 Recombinant HEK 293 |
Cardoso et al. [1818. Cardoso FC, Castro J, Grundy L, Schober G, Garcia-Caraballo S, Zhao T, Herzig V, King GF, Brierley SM, Lewis RJ. A spider-venom peptide with multitarget activity on sodium and calcium channels alleviates chronic visceral pain in a model of irritable bowel syndrome. Pain. 2021 Feb 1;162(2):569-81. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
Venom peptidic fraction |
Antimicrobial |
Gram-negative Yeasts |
Abreu et al. [2020. Abreu TF, Sumitomo BN, Nishiyama Jr MY, Oliveira UC, Souza GH, Kitano ES, Zelanis A, Serrano SMT, Junqueira-de-Azevedo I, Silva Jr PI Tashima AK. Peptidomics of Acanthoscurria gomesiana spider venom reveals new toxins with potential antimicrobial activity. JProteomics. 2017 Jan 16;151:232-42. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
Gomesin |
Antimicrobial |
Gram-positive Gram negative Fungi |
Silva et al. [2121. Silva PI, Daffre S, Bulet P. Isolation and characterization of gomesin, an 18-residue cysteine-rich defense peptide from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana hemocytes with sequence similarities to horseshoe crab antimicrobial peptides of the tachyplesin family. J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33464-70. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
Gomesin |
Antitumoral |
MM96L BRAF mutated cells |
Ikonomopoulou et al. [2323. Ikonomopoulou MP, Fernandez-Rojo MA, Pineda SS, Cabezas-Sainz P, Winnen B, Morales RA, Brust A, Sánchez L, Alewood PF, Ramm GA, Miles JJ, King GF. Gomesin inhibits melanoma growth by manipulating key signaling cascades that control cell death and proliferation. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 1;8(1):11519. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
Acanthoscurrin-1 Acanthoscurrin-2 |
Antimicrobial |
Gram-negative Yeasts |
Lorenzini et al. [2424. Lorenzini DM, da Silva Jr PI, Fogaça AC, Bulet P, Daffre S. Acanthoscurrin: a novel glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide constitutively expressed in the hemocytes of the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. Dev Comp Immunol. 2003 Oct;27(9):781-91. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
Migalyn |
Antimicrobial |
E. coli
|
Pereira et al. [2525. Pereira LS, Silva Jr PI, Miranda MTM, Almeida IC, Naoki H, Konno K, Daffre S. Structural and biological characterization of one antibacterial acylpolyamine isolated from the hemocytes of the spider Acanthocurria gomesiana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jan 26;352(4):953-9. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
Migalyn |
Immunomodulatory |
C57BL/6 mice splenocytes C57BL/6 mice macrophages |
Mafra et al. [2626. Mafra DG, da Silva Jr PI, Galhardo CS, Nassar R, Daffre S, Sato MN, Borges MM. The spider acylpolyamine Mygalin is a potent modulator of innate immune responses. Cell Immunol. 2012 Jan-Feb;275(1-2):5-11. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
Migalyn |
Anticonvulsant |
R. norvegicus
|
Godoy et al. [2727. Godoy DL, Liberato LJ, Silva Jr IP, Santos WF. Mygalin: A New Anticonvulsant Polyamine in Acute Seizure Model and Neuroethological Schedule. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2013 Jun;13(2):122-31. ] |
A. gomesiana
|
MygAgNP1 |
Antimicrobial Antitumoral |
E. coli MCF-7 |
Courrol et al. [2929. Courrol LC, Espinoza-Culupú A, da Silva PI, de Oliveira Gonçalves K, de Oliveira Silva FR, Borges MM. Antibacterial and antitumoral activities of the spider acylpolyamine Mygalin silver nanoparticles. BioNanoScience. 2020 Apr 17;10(2):463-72.] |
A. paulensis
|
Ap1a |
Reducing of electro stimulation |
GF-TTM neurons of D. melanogaster GF-DLM neurons of D. melanogaster
|
Mourão et al. [3131. Mourão CBF, Oliveira FN, e Carvalho AC, Arenas CJ, Duque HM, Gonçalves JC, Macedo JKA, Galante P, Schwartz CA, Mortari MR, Santos MFMA, Schwartz EF. Venomic and pharmacological activity of Acanthoscurria paulensis (Theraphosidae) spider venom. Toxicon. 2013 Jan;61:129-38. ] |
A. natalensis
|
Rondonin |
Antifungal |
Candida spp. Trichosporon sp. |
Riciluca et al. [3434. Riciluca K, Sayegh R, Melo RLd, Silva Jr P. Rondonin an antifungal peptide from spider (Acanthoscurria rondoniae) haemolymph. Results Immunol. 2012 Apr;2:66-71. ] |
A. natalensis
|
µ-TRTX-An1a |
Stimulation of action potential spontaneous firing |
DUM neurons of P. americana
|
Rates et al. [3535. Rates B, Prates MV, Verano-Braga T, Da Rocha ÂP, Roepstorff P, Borges CL, Lapied B, Murillo L, Pimenta AMC, Biondi I, De Lima ME. μ-Theraphotoxin-An1a: primary structure determination and assessment of the pharmacological activity of a promiscuous anti-insect toxin from the venom of the tarantula Acanthoscurria natalensis (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae). Toxicon. 2013;70:123-34. ] |
A. natalensis
|
AnHyal |
Hyaluronidasic |
|
Barth et al. [3636. Barth T, Mandacaru SC, Charneau S, de Souza MV, Ricart CAO, Noronha EF, Souza AA, Freitas SM, Roepstorff P, Fontes W, Castro MS, Pires Jr OR. Biochemical and structural characterization of a protein complex containing a hyaluronidase and a CRISP-like protein isolated from the venom of the spider Acanthoscurria natalensis. J Proteomics. 2019 Feb 10;192:102-13. ] |
A. natalensis
|
U1-TRTX-Agm3a |
Antimicrobial Antiviral Antitumoral |
In silico predictions |
Câmara et al. [3737. Câmara GA, Nishiyama-Jr MY, Kitano ES, Oliveira UC, Silva Jr PId, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IL, Tashima AK. A multiomics approach unravels new toxins with possible in silico antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumoral activities in the venom of Acanthoscurria rondoniae. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 17;11:1075. ] |
A. natalensis
|
TRTX-Ar CRP family |
Antimicrobial Antiviral Antitumoral |
In silico predictions |
Câmara et al. [3737. Câmara GA, Nishiyama-Jr MY, Kitano ES, Oliveira UC, Silva Jr PId, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IL, Tashima AK. A multiomics approach unravels new toxins with possible in silico antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumoral activities in the venom of Acanthoscurria rondoniae. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 17;11:1075. ] |
A. geniculata
|
Crude venom |
Antitumoral |
MCF-7 |
Wilson et al. [4141. Wilson D, Boyle GM, McIntyre L, Nolan MJ, Parsons PG, Smith JJ, Tribolet L, Loukas A, Liddell MJ, Rash LD, Daly NL. The aromatic head group of spider toxin polyamines influences toxicity to cancer cells. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Nov;9(11):346. ] |
A. geniculata
|
PA366
|
Antitumoral |
MCF-7 |
Wilson et al. [4141. Wilson D, Boyle GM, McIntyre L, Nolan MJ, Parsons PG, Smith JJ, Tribolet L, Loukas A, Liddell MJ, Rash LD, Daly NL. The aromatic head group of spider toxin polyamines influences toxicity to cancer cells. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Nov;9(11):346. ] |
A. juruensis
|
U-theraphotoxin Aju1a |
Antifungal |
Candida spp. |
Ayrosa et al. [4242. Ayroza G, Candido Ferreira IL, Sayegh RSR, Tashima AK, Da Silva Junior PI. Juruin: an antifungal peptide from the venom of the Amazonian Pink Toe spider, Avicularia juruensis, which contains the inhibitory cystine knot motif. Front Microbiol. 2012;3:324. ] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
Crude venom |
Na+ channels blockage Ca2+ channels blockage |
M. musculus GH3 cells |
Kushmerick et al. [4444. Kushmerick C, de Carvalho FM, De Maria M, Massensini A, Romano-Silva M, Gomez M, Kalapothakis E, Prado MA. Effects of a Lasiodora spider venom on Ca2+ and Na+ channels. Toxicon. 2001 Jul;39(7):991-1002. ] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
Crude venom |
Heart rate reduction |
R. norvegicus
|
Kalapothakis et al. [4545. Kalapothakis E, Kushmerick C, Gusmão DR, Favaron GO, Ferreira AJ, Gomez MV, Almeida AP. Effects of the venom of a Mygalomorph spider (Lasiodora sp.) on the isolated rat heart. Toxicon. 2003 Jan;41(1):23-8. ] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
U1-theraphotoxin-Lsp1b |
L-type Ca2+ channels blockage |
M. musculus BC3H1 cells |
Dutra et al. [4848. Dutra AA, Sousa LO, Resende RR, Brandão RL, Kalapothakis E, Castro IM. Expression and characterization of LTx2, a neurotoxin from Lasiodora sp. effecting on calcium channels. Peptides. 2008 Sep;29(9):1505-13. ] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
EILaH |
Serine protease inhibition |
|
Soares et al. [4949. Soares T, Ferreira FRB, Gomes FS, Coelho LCBB, Torquato RJS, Napoleão TH, Cavalcanti MSM, Tanaka AS, Paiva PMG. The first serine protease inhibitor from Lasiodora sp. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) hemocytes. Proc Biochem. 2011;46(12):2317-21. ] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
EILaH |
Antimicrobial |
E. faecalis
|
Soares et al. [4949. Soares T, Ferreira FRB, Gomes FS, Coelho LCBB, Torquato RJS, Napoleão TH, Cavalcanti MSM, Tanaka AS, Paiva PMG. The first serine protease inhibitor from Lasiodora sp. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) hemocytes. Proc Biochem. 2011;46(12):2317-21. ] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
Hemocytes extract |
Antimicrobial |
B. subtilis
E. faecalis
|
Soares et al. [4949. Soares T, Ferreira FRB, Gomes FS, Coelho LCBB, Torquato RJS, Napoleão TH, Cavalcanti MSM, Tanaka AS, Paiva PMG. The first serine protease inhibitor from Lasiodora sp. (Araneae: Theraphosidae) hemocytes. Proc Biochem. 2011;46(12):2317-21. ] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
Crude venom |
Vasodilatation in aortic rings |
R. norvegicus
|
Horta et al. [44. Horta C, Rezende B, Oliveira-Mendes B, Carmo A, Capettini L, Silva JF, Gomes MT, Chávez-Olórtegui C, Bravo CES, Lemos VS, Kalapothakis E. ADP is a vasodilator component from Lasiodora sp. mygalomorph spider venom. Toxicon. 2013 Sep;72:102-12.] |
Lasiodora sp.
|
Crude venom |
Antimicrobial |
Gram-positive Gram negative Candida spp. |
Ferreira et al. [5050. Ferreira FRB, da Silva PM, Soares T, Machado LG, de Araújo LCC, da Silva TG, Mello GSV, Pitta MGR, Melo MJB, Pontual EV, Zingali RB, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG. Evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities from venom of the spider Lasiodora sp. Toxicon. 2016 Nov;122:119-26. ] |
V. dubius
|
Crude venom |
Hyaluronidasic |
|
Rocha-e-Silva et al. [6060. Rocha-e-Silva TA, Sutti R, Hyslop S. Milking and partial characterization of venom from the Brazilian spider Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae). Toxicon. 2009 Jan;53(1):153-61. ] |
V. dubius
|
Hyase |
Hyaluronidasic |
|
Sutti et al. [6161. Sutti R, Tamascia ML, Hyslop S, Rocha-e-Silva TAA. Purification and characterization of a hyaluronidase from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae). J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis. 2014;20(1):2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1678-9199-20-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1678-9199-20-2...
] |
V. dubius
|
VdTX-1 |
Nicotinic receptor blockage |
Biventer cervicis muscles of HY-LINE W36 chicks Biventer cervicis muscles of M. musculus
|
Rocha-e-Silva et al. [6262. Rocha-e-Silva TA, Rostelato-Ferreira S, Leite GB, da Silva Jr PI, Hyslop S, Rodrigues-Simioni L. VdTX-1, a reversible nicotinic receptor antagonist isolated from venom of the spider Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae). Toxicon. 2013 Aug;70:135-41. ] |
V. dubius
|
VdTX-1 |
Antimicrobial |
Gram-positive Gram negative Fungi |
Sutti et al. [6363. Sutti R, Rosa BB, Wunderlich B, da Silva Junior PI. Antimicrobial activity of the toxin VdTX-I from the spider Vitalius dubius (Araneae, Theraphosidae). Biochem Biophys Rep. 2015 Sep 28;4:324-8. ] |
N. chromatus
|
Crude venom |
Hyaluronidasic |
|
Rodríguez-Rios et al. [6666. Rodríguez-Rios L, Díaz-Peña LF, Lazcano-Pérez F, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Rojas-Molina A, García-Arredondo A. Hyaluronidase-like enzymes are a frequent component of venoms from theraphosid spiders. Toxicon. 2017 Sep 15;136:34-43.] |
N. chromatus
|
Crude venom |
Antitumoral |
MCF-7 |
Wilson et al. [4141. Wilson D, Boyle GM, McIntyre L, Nolan MJ, Parsons PG, Smith JJ, Tribolet L, Loukas A, Liddell MJ, Rash LD, Daly NL. The aromatic head group of spider toxin polyamines influences toxicity to cancer cells. Toxins (Basel). 2017 Nov;9(11):346. ] |