Supplementation with vitamin D and its analogs for treatment of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease

Cardoso, Felipe Esdras Lucas; Santos, Leandro da Cruz Melgaço dos; Tenório, Adirlene Pontes de Oliveira; Lopes, Matheus Rodrigues; Barbosa, Romero Henrique de Almeida

doi:10.1590/1677-5449.190150

person Felipe Esdras Lucas Cardoso

schoolUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF, Campus Paulo Afonso, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil.

person Leandro da Cruz Melgaço dos Santos

schoolUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF, Campus Paulo Afonso, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil.

person Adirlene Pontes de Oliveira Tenório

schoolUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF, Campus Paulo Afonso, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil.

person Matheus Rodrigues Lopes

schoolUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF, Campus Paulo Afonso, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil.

0000-0002-3719-4131

person Romero Henrique de Almeida Barbosa

schoolUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco – UNIVASF, Campus Paulo Afonso, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brasil.

Conflicts of interest: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article.

Correspondence Matheus Rodrigues Lopes Universidade Federal do Vale São Francisco – UNIVASF, Campus Paulo Afonso Rua da Aurora, s/n, Quadra 27, Lote 3 - Bairro Alves de Souza CEP 48607-190 - Paulo Afonso (BA), Brasil Tel.: +55 (75) 3282-3456 E-mail:
matheuslopesbio@gmail.com

Author information FELC and LCMS - Medical students, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. APOT - Resident of Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto; Professional master degree in Saúde Rural, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco; Professor, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. MRL - PhD in Ciências (Fisiopatologia Médica), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Professor, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco. RHAB - Resident of Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Pernambuco (FCM/UPE); Resident of Cardiologia, Fundação para o Incentivo ao Ensino e Pesquisa da Cardiologia (FUNCORDIS); Professional master degree in Saúde Rural, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco; Professor, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco.

Author contributions Conception and design: LCMS, FELC, RHAB Analysis and interpretation: LCMS, FELC Data collection: LCMS, FELC Writing the article: LCMS, FELC, APOT, MRL, RHAB Critical revision of the article: APOT, MRL, RHAB Final approval of the article*: LCMS, FELC, APOT, MRL, RHAB Statistical analysis: N/A. Overall responsibility: RHAB *All authors have read and approved of the final version of the article submitted to J Vasc Bras.

Study	Type of study	Methods	Main findings
Dong et al.¹⁵ - Hong Kong	Study with endothelial cells from human or rat aorta	Exposure of renal arteries to calcitriol or angiotensin II	In vivo and in vitro activation of the vitamin D receptor with calcitriol improves endothelial function
Polidoro et al.¹⁴ - Italy	In vitro study	Administration of vitamin D to human umbilical vein endothelial cells	Protection against oxidative stress, mediated by superoxide
Lee et al.¹⁶ - Republic of Korea	In vivo with mice and in vitro with HK-2 cells	Evaluation of renal inflammation and injury and the direct effect of paricalcitol on tubule cells	Renoprotective effect in acute ischemic kidney injury
Takenaka et al.¹⁷ - Japan	Experimental study with hypertensive rats	Hypertensive, uninephrectomized rats, treated with vitamin D	Improved expression of klotho and suppression of oxidative stress and albuminuria, without substantial changes to renal angiotensin II levels
Wong et al.⁶ - Germany	In vivo and in vitro study	Supplementation with vitamin D3 in healthy donors and mice	Improved vascular regeneration after injury in healthy and diabetic individuals
Pilz et al.²⁰ - Germany	Randomized clinical trial, double-blind, placebo-controlled	Supplementation with vitamin D3 for 8 weeks with 200 hypertensive participants with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels	No significant beneficial effect of vitamin D3 on arterial blood pressure or other cardiovascular risk factors was observed, but it was associated with a significant increase in triglycerides
Carrara et al.¹⁸ - Italy	Clinical case-control study	Thirty-three patients with essential hypertension and hypovitaminosis D were treated with cholecalciferol for 8 weeks	Restoration of normal vitamin D levels is capable of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system and improving flow-mediated dilation
Borgi et al.¹⁹ - United States	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial	Forty-six nonhypertensive, nondiabetic overweight, or obese individuals with vitamin D deficiency were given ergocalciferol or matching placebo for 8 weeks	No improvement in endothelial function after vitamin D replacement
Arora et al.²¹ - United States	Multicenter study, randomized, double-blind	Vitamin D supplementation at high or low doses in 534 hypertensive or pre-hypertensive individuals with vitamin D deficiency,	No significant reductions in mean 24-hour systolic pressure
Manson et al.²² - United States	Randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial,	Administration of vitamin D3 and marine omega 3 fatty acids to a total of 25,871 participants, for primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases	Supplementation with vitamin D did not result in lower incidence of invasive cancer or cardiovascular events when compared with placebo
Barbarawi et al.²³ - United States	Meta-analysis of 21 randomized clinical trials	Efficacy of supplementation with vitamin D for reduction of cardiovascular events and all-causes mortality, including 83,291 patients, 41,669 of whom were given vitamin D and 41,622 of whom were given placebos	No significant reductions were observed in cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events, or mortality

Supplementation with vitamin D and its analogs for treatment of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease

Abstract