Polidez, relevância e conciliação de metas: uma análise de “Você pode passar o sal?”

Com base nas teorias de conciliação de metas de Rauen, de relevância de Sperber e Wilson e de polidez de Brown e Levinson, modelamos neste ensaio o enunciado “Você pode passar o sal?” - tomado como um exemplo clássico de pedido polido entre teóricos da polidez - assumindo que a mobilização de um ato de fala polido ou atenuado contribui para a realização de objetivos práticos. Em seguida, discutimos a modelagem considerando algumas críticas produzidas pelos estudos de polidez de segunda onda e estudos de polidez orientados pela teoria da relevância. Concluímos que aspectos de polidez integram planos de ação intencionais, afetando a projeção da meta prática de nível mais baixo que superordena as respectivas submetas informativa e comunicativa. Afirmamos que o falante define no escopo dessa meta prática de nível mais baixo o ato de fala, a superestratégia de polidez e a formulação do enunciado polido considerando uma paleta de possibilidades linguísticas.

Palavras-chave:
Polidez linguística; Pragmática cognitiva; Teoria de conciliação de metas; Teoria da relevância; Teoria da polidez

Autoria

Fábio José Rauen

University of Southern Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Language Sciences, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil. E-mail: fabio.rauen@gmail.brUniversity of Southern Santa CatarinaBrazilTubarão, Santa Catarina, BrazilUniversity of Southern Santa Catarina, Postgraduate Program in Language Sciences, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil. E-mail: fabio.rauen@gmail.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-7253

Gabriela Niero

Secretary of State for Education of Santa Catarina, Caetano Bez Batti Basic Education School, Urussanga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. E-mail: gabiniero@hotmail.comSecretary of State for Education of Santa CatarinaBrasilUrussanga, Santa Catarina, BrasilSecretary of State for Education of Santa Catarina, Caetano Bez Batti Basic Education School, Urussanga, Santa Catarina, Brasil. E-mail: gabiniero@hotmail.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5176-7680

*
PhD in Letters/Linguistics at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). Professor and Coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Language Sciences at the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-7253. E-mail: fabio.rauen@gmail.br.

**
PhD in Language Sciences at the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul). Professor at the Caetano Bez Batti Basic Education School, Urussanga, Santa Catarina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5176-7680. E-mail: gabiniero@hotmail.com.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras

Figuras (11)

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Figure 1
Goal-conciliation theory architecture⁵ 5 Q’ represents that instances of goal-achievements are different from the projected goal states Q.

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Figure 2
Goal-achievements possibilities⁶ 6 ( represents the non-execution of the antecedent action P and the non-achievement of the consequent state Q’.

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Figure 3
Goal-achievements possibilities according to intentional action plans

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Figure 4
Mary’s antecedent action options

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Figure 5
Face-work strategies in hetero-conciliation situations

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Figure 6
Mary’s intentional action plan

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Figure 7
Consequences of Mary’s antecedent action in her intentional action plan

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Figure 8
Explicature of Mary’s utterance¹⁶ 16 We admit our description suggests false linearity. The elaboration of the explicature involves a complex process of advances and feedback, including chains of inferences. According to the description, John fits the linguistic form of the utterance into a logical form according to which “someone can pass someone else something.” The verbal formulation ‘can pass’ corresponds to an encyclopedic entry as ‘can pass*,’ such that ‘can’ represents a polite request and not a demand on the interlocutor’s capabilities, and ‘pass’ represents something as ‘achieving something.’ The lexical entry ‘you’ fills in the logical entry ‘someone’ and must be paired with the encyclopedic entry ‘john’—the interlocutor of the utterance. The verbal formulation demands a noun phrase ‘something,’ filled in by the lexical item ‘salt,’ and requires the interpretation of the metonymy since what John can achieve is a ‘salt shaker containing salt’; and an elliptical ‘(’ prepositional phrase ‘for someone,’ to be interpreted as ‘for mary,’ who is the addressee of the action. Finally, we fit the entire description into a speech act like ‘mary wants to know if p.’

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Figure 9
John’s intentional action plan

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Figure 10
Conciliation of Mary’s goal Q

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Figure 11
Conciliation of John’s goal Q

Figure 1 Goal-conciliation theory architecture⁵ 5 Q’ represents that instances of goal-achievements are different from the projected goal states Q.

Source: Rauen (2018RAUEN, F. J. Por uma modelação abdutivo-dedutiva de interações comunicativas. In: TENUTA, A. M.; COELHO, S. M. (Org.). Uma abordagem cognitiva da linguagem [livro eletrônico]: perspectivas teóricas e descritivas. Belo Horizonte: FALE/UFMG, p. 13-29, 2018., p. 14).

Figure 2 Goal-achievements possibilities⁶ 6 ( represents the non-execution of the antecedent action P and the non-achievement of the consequent state Q’.

Source: Rauen (2014RAUEN, F. J. For a Goal Conciliation Theory: Ante-Factual Abductive Hypotheses and Proactive Modelling. Linguagem em (Dis)curso, Tubarão, SC, v. 14, n. 3, p. 595-615, set./dez. 2014., p. 604).

Figure 3 Goal-achievements possibilities according to intentional action plans

Source: Adapted from Rauen (2018RAUEN, F. J. Por uma modelação abdutivo-dedutiva de interações comunicativas. In: TENUTA, A. M.; COELHO, S. M. (Org.). Uma abordagem cognitiva da linguagem [livro eletrônico]: perspectivas teóricas e descritivas. Belo Horizonte: FALE/UFMG, p. 13-29, 2018., p. 16)

Figure 4 Mary’s antecedent action options

Source: Our elaboration.

Figure 5 Face-work strategies in hetero-conciliation situations

Source: Our elaboration.

Figure 6 Mary’s intentional action plan

Source: Our elaboration.

Figure 7 Consequences of Mary’s antecedent action in her intentional action plan

Source: Our elaboration.

Figure 8 Explicature of Mary’s utterance¹⁶ 16 We admit our description suggests false linearity. The elaboration of the explicature involves a complex process of advances and feedback, including chains of inferences. According to the description, John fits the linguistic form of the utterance into a logical form according to which “someone can pass someone else something.” The verbal formulation ‘can pass’ corresponds to an encyclopedic entry as ‘can pass*,’ such that ‘can’ represents a polite request and not a demand on the interlocutor’s capabilities, and ‘pass’ represents something as ‘achieving something.’ The lexical entry ‘you’ fills in the logical entry ‘someone’ and must be paired with the encyclopedic entry ‘john’—the interlocutor of the utterance. The verbal formulation demands a noun phrase ‘something,’ filled in by the lexical item ‘salt,’ and requires the interpretation of the metonymy since what John can achieve is a ‘salt shaker containing salt’; and an elliptical ‘(’ prepositional phrase ‘for someone,’ to be interpreted as ‘for mary,’ who is the addressee of the action. Finally, we fit the entire description into a speech act like ‘mary wants to know if p.’

Source: Our elaboration.

Figure 9 John’s intentional action plan

Source: Our elaboration.

Figure 10 Conciliation of Mary’s goal Q

Source: Our elaboration.

Figure 11 Conciliation of John’s goal Q

Source: Our elaboration

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Polidez, relevância e conciliação de metas: uma análise de “Você pode passar o sal?”

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[1] *
PhD in Letters/Linguistics at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). Professor and Coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Language Sciences at the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-7253. E-mail: fabio.rauen@gmail.br.