Starting from the recent emphasis that nation theory has been giving to the "imagined" and/or "constructed" character of the national community, the paper looks for connections with anthropological theory and analyses the implications for anthropologys perspective on national and ethnic identities. In particular, following the traditionally strong empirical orientation of the discipline, it also interprets these theoretical assumptions bearing in mind possible developments in ethnographic research regarding the formation and politics of identity in national settings. In this context, the paper sketches the concept of a "discourse anthropology" with examples from research on national identity in Germany and Brazil. The analysis of these two cases leads to a theoretical distinction between discourse-centred (Germany) and symbol-centred (Brazil) constructions of national identity.
Germany; Brazil; National identity; Discourse; Method