| Agiovlasitis et al., 2010 |
Adults with paraplegia (n = 20), mean age 22.2 ± 3.1 years, and adults without paraplegia (n = 20), mean age 25.8 ± 4.0 years. |
To examine the cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and during isometric exercise in individuals with and without paraplegia. |
LF HF |
5 |
Individuals with paraplegia showed lower heart rate complexity at rest and during static exercise. |
| LF/HF |
| SampEn |
| Taylor et al., 2003 |
Seventeen hypertensive men and women, isometric training group (n = 9), mean age 69.3 ± 6.0 years, and the control group (n = 8) mean age 64.2 ± 5.5 years. |
To evaluate the effects of isometric handgrip training on resting arterial blood pressure, heart rate variability, and blood pressure variability in older adults with hypertension. |
LF HF |
7 |
Isometric training at a moderate intensity elicits a hypotensive response and a simultaneous increase in vagal modulation in older adults with hypertension |
| LF/HF |
| Millar et al., 2009 |
Healthy older subjects (n = 18), mean age 70 ± 5 years. |
To investigate the acute changes of cardiac autonomic modulation after bilateral isometric handgrip. |
SampEn |
6 |
The results suggested improvements in acute cardiac autonomic modulation after a single bout of IHG. This may be linked to the increase of parasympathetic modulation and reduction of systolic blood pressure. |
| Leite et al., 2010 |
Men with coronary artery disease (n = 12), mean age 63 ± 11.6 years. |
To evaluate the heart rate responses to different percentages of isometric contractions in patients with coronary artery disease and/or risk factors for coronary artery disease. |
RMSSD |
5 |
The RMSSD index decreased during isometric contraction with SMVC-60% except for the SMVC-30%. In the recovery period RMSSD values were similar for both intensities tested. |
| Shiro et al., 2012 |
30 female participants were divided intogroupwith pain (n = 14), mean age 28.7 ± 4.6 years, and a control group (n = 12), mean age 29.5 ± 4.1 years. |
To analysis how heart rate variability responds to the maximal isometric contraction in subjects with chronic neck pain and shoulder. |
LF |
5 |
There were no significant changes in LF/HF ratio of HRV responding to isometric exercise, which would imply a reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity. |
| HF |
| LF/HF |
| Goulopoulou etal., 2010 |
Healthy children (n = 23) mean age 8.3 ± 0.2 years, and healthy young adults (n = 23) mean age 22.0 ± 0.3 years. |
To evaluate differences in pressor response and cardiovagal modulation during isometric handgrip exercise between children and adults. |
RMSSD |
5 |
That baseline cardiovagal modulation contributes to the magnitude of the pressor reflex response and determines the extent of cardiovagal autonomic adjustments during forearm isometric contraction. |
| HF |
| Watanabe et al., 2010 |
Healthy volunteers (n = 51) with a mean age of 21.6 ± 0.2 years. |
To evaluate the individual differences in the HR response are associated with cardiac autonomic tone and/or the function of the arterial baroreflex in the control of HR during postexercise muscle ischemia |
LF |
5 |
The changes in cardiac parasympathetic tone and spontaneous arterial baroreflex during postexercise muscle ischemia are associated with the large individual differences in the HR response to postexercise muscle ischemia |
| FH |
| Hallman et al., 2011 |
Subjects with chronic pain (n = 23 pain, with a mean age of 40.5 ± 7.1, n = 22 control, with a mean age of 40.8 ± 7) |
To investigate systemic arterial pressure and heart rate variability as well as the activity of the trapezius muscle at rest and in response to continuing to sustained hand grip with chronic pain in the neck-shoulder region. |
SDNN |
7 |
Decreased blood flow in the trapezius muscle, increase blood pressure and heart rate variability in the group with pain compared to the control group in response to handgrip was observed. |
| NN50 |
| LF |
| HF |
| Zhang et al., 2012 |
Were men, mean age 23.2 ± 2.9 years (n = 17) |
To evaluate the influences of isometric muscle contraction in cerebral and systemic circulation, and HRV during handgrip exercise compared with clamping jaw. |
LF |
5 |
The tightening of the jaw promotes bilateral activation of the flow velocity of cerebral arteries with less effect on cardiac output and sympathetic nervous system activity in relation to handgrip exercise |
| HF |
| LF/HF |
| Mukherjee et al., 2009 |
61 participants with partial epileptic seizures, were divided into groups with controlled epilepsy report (n = 30), the mean age was 19:13 ± 8.72 years and an intractable group (n = 31), mean age 22.11 ± 10.18 years old. |
To compare the autonomic and psychological function in patients with partial epilepsy using sustained handgrip test. |
LF HF |
6 |
There was lower HRV with lower parasympathetic activity in patients with intractable epilepsy for individuals controlled epilepsy. |
| LF/HF |
| RMSSD |
| SDNN |
| NN50 |
| pNN50 |
| La Fountaine et al., 2009. |
Three players (19 ± 2 years of age), and three control subjects (19 ± 2 years). |
To compare HRV in athletes who have had concussion at rest and during handgrip test. |
LF |
5 |
There were no significant differences in HRV both at rest and during the handgrip test. |
| HF |
| LF/HF |
| Lira et al., 2012. |
Obese children with a mean age of 10 ± 0.4 years (n = 11) and placebo group with a mean age of 10 ± 0.7 years (n = 10). |
Analyzing the effect of supplementation of vitamin C on cardiac autonomic modulation in obese children, at rest and during isometric exercise. |
LF |
8 |
Vitamin C attenuated the response of cardiac autonomic modulation in obese children provided rest and during isometric exercise compared with the control group. |
| HF |
| LF/HF |
| Silva et al., 2003 |
2 male volunteers, sedentary patients (26 years old), and an active (22 years old). |
Investigate HRV at rest and the magnitude of the HR response to isometric exercise considering the level of physical fitness tests. |
RMSM |
6 |
The active volunteer had higher HR variation indicates that the dynamics of vagal withdrawal was even greater than that of sedentary, indicating good adaptation to physical training. |
| RMSSD |
| Zhang et al., 2003. |
Two women with uncontrolled hypertension (50 and 55 years of age). |
To investigate whether isometric exercise reduces HRV and blood pressure. |
LF |
5 |
The handgrip exercise is moderately effective in reducing blood pressure, although the effect is more noticeable in the absence of hypertensive medication. |
| HF |
| Fisher et al., 2010. |
Healthy men with an average age of 23 ± 5 years (n = 9). |
To verify the cardiac autonomic control during handgrip using beta adrenergic blockers. |
RMSSD |
5 |
The value of RMSSD index indicating parasympathetic modulation was greater with the adrenergic beta-blocker compared with control. |
| Gladwell et al., 2005. |
5 healthy subjects. |
To compare the cardiac autonomic response handgrip and passive stretching. |
RMSSD |
5 |
Vagal modulation decreased significantly during handgrip, whereas passive stretching was not significantly reduced. |
| pNN50 |
| Hartwich et al., 2013. |
23 healthy young women (20 ± 0.6 years) |
To evaluate the influence of muscle metaboreflex in heart rate regulation during handgrip. |
RMSSD |
5 |
Muscle metaboreflex increases heart rate due to increase in muscle sympathetic nerve modulation during handgrip. |
