State |
Isolate origin |
Assemblage |
Amazonas |
Human |
A7272. Nunes BC, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJ, Xavier SC, Monteiro FA, et al. Spatial and molecular epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis deep in the Amazon, Brazil. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7): e0158805.,7676. Nunes BC, Calegar DA, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJL, Dos Reis ERC, et al. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis circulating in three Brazilian biomes. Infect Genet Evol. 2018; 59: 107-12. |
B7272. Nunes BC, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJ, Xavier SC, Monteiro FA, et al. Spatial and molecular epidemiology of Giardia intestinalis deep in the Amazon, Brazil. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7): e0158805.,7676. Nunes BC, Calegar DA, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJL, Dos Reis ERC, et al. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis circulating in three Brazilian biomes. Infect Genet Evol. 2018; 59: 107-12. |
Ceará |
Human |
A6868. Kohli A, Bushen OY, Pinkerton RC, Houpt E, Newman RD, Sears CL, et al. Giardia duodenalis assemblage, clinical presentation and markers of intestinal inflammation in Brazilian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102(7): 718-25.,7676. Nunes BC, Calegar DA, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJL, Dos Reis ERC, et al. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis circulating in three Brazilian biomes. Infect Genet Evol. 2018; 59: 107-12. |
B6868. Kohli A, Bushen OY, Pinkerton RC, Houpt E, Newman RD, Sears CL, et al. Giardia duodenalis assemblage, clinical presentation and markers of intestinal inflammation in Brazilian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 102(7): 718-25.,7676. Nunes BC, Calegar DA, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJL, Dos Reis ERC, et al. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis circulating in three Brazilian biomes. Infect Genet Evol. 2018; 59: 107-12. |
Piauí |
Human |
A7676. Nunes BC, Calegar DA, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJL, Dos Reis ERC, et al. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis circulating in three Brazilian biomes. Infect Genet Evol. 2018; 59: 107-12. |
B7676. Nunes BC, Calegar DA, Pavan MG, Jaeger LH, Monteiro KJL, Dos Reis ERC, et al. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis circulating in three Brazilian biomes. Infect Genet Evol. 2018; 59: 107-12. |
Bahia |
Human |
A2121. Pacheco FTF, Carvalho SS, Cardoso LS, Andrade LS, das Chagas GMT, Gomes DC, et al. Immune response markers in sera of children infected with Giardia duodenalis AI and AII subassemblages. Immunobiology. 2019; 224(4): 595-603. B2121. Pacheco FTF, Carvalho SS, Cardoso LS, Andrade LS, das Chagas GMT, Gomes DC, et al. Immune response markers in sera of children infected with Giardia duodenalis AI and AII subassemblages. Immunobiology. 2019; 224(4): 595-603. |
Minas Gerais |
Human |
A4646. Gomes KB, Fernandes AP, Menezes A, Amorim Jr R, Silva EF, Rocha MO. Giardia duodenalis: genotypic comparison between a human and a canine isolates. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011; 44(4): 508-10.,7474. Scalia LA, Fava NM, Soares RM, Limongi JE, da Cunha MJ, Pena IF, et al. Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Brazilian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2016; 110(6): 343-9. |
B7070. Santos CK, Grama DF, Limongi JE, Costa FC, Couto TR, Soares RM, et al. Epidemiological, parasitological and molecular aspects of Giardia duodenalis infection in children attending public daycare centers in southeastern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012; 106(8): 473-9.,7474. Scalia LA, Fava NM, Soares RM, Limongi JE, da Cunha MJ, Pena IF, et al. Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Brazilian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2016; 110(6): 343-9. |
E7474. Scalia LA, Fava NM, Soares RM, Limongi JE, da Cunha MJ, Pena IF, et al. Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Brazilian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2016; 110(6): 343-9. |
Dog |
A4646. Gomes KB, Fernandes AP, Menezes A, Amorim Jr R, Silva EF, Rocha MO. Giardia duodenalis: genotypic comparison between a human and a canine isolates. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011; 44(4): 508-10.,8484. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Cunha MJ, Faria ES, Cury MC. Molecular typing of canine Giardia duodenalis isolates from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Exp Parasitol. 2016; 161: 1-5. |
B8484. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Cunha MJ, Faria ES, Cury MC. Molecular typing of canine Giardia duodenalis isolates from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Exp Parasitol. 2016; 161: 1-5. |
C8484. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Cunha MJ, Faria ES, Cury MC. Molecular typing of canine Giardia duodenalis isolates from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Exp Parasitol. 2016; 161: 1-5. |
D8484. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Cunha MJ, Faria ES, Cury MC. Molecular typing of canine Giardia duodenalis isolates from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Exp Parasitol. 2016; 161: 1-5. |
E8484. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Cunha MJ, Faria ES, Cury MC. Molecular typing of canine Giardia duodenalis isolates from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Exp Parasitol. 2016; 161: 1-5. |
Cattle |
A8686. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Kalapothakis E, Pena IF, Vieira CU, et al. Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 875048. |
B8686. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Kalapothakis E, Pena IF, Vieira CU, et al. Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 875048. |
E8686. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Kalapothakis E, Pena IF, Vieira CU, et al. Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 875048. |
Pig |
E8686. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Kalapothakis E, Pena IF, Vieira CU, et al. Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 875048. |
Sheep |
B8686. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Kalapothakis E, Pena IF, Vieira CU, et al. Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 875048. |
E8686. Fava NM, Soares RM, Scalia LA, Kalapothakis E, Pena IF, Vieira CU, et al. Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 875048. |
Toco toucan |
A3333. da Cunha MJR, Cury MC, Santín M. Molecular identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia in Brazilian captive birds. Parasitol Res. 2017; 116(2): 487-93. |
Rio de Janeiro |
Human |
A88. Fantinatti M, Bello AR, Fernandes O, Da-Cruz AM. Identification of Giardia lamblia assemblage E in humans points to a new anthropozoonotic cycle. J Infect Dis. 2016; 214(8): 1256-9.,2828. Volotão AC, Costa-Macedo LM, Haddad FS, Brandão A, Peralta JM, Fernandes O. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from human and animal samples from Brazil using beta-giardin gene: a phylogenetic analysis. Acta Trop. 2007; 102(1): 10-9.,4343. Faria CP, Zanini GM, Dias GS, da Silva S, Sousa MC. Molecular characterization of Giardia lamblia: first report of assemblage B in human isolates from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). PLoS One. 2016; 11(8): e0160762.,7575. Faria CP, Zanini GM, Dias GS, da Silva S, Sousa MDC. New multilocus genotypes of Giardia lamblia human isolates. Infect Genet Evol. 2017; 54: 128-37. |
B4343. Faria CP, Zanini GM, Dias GS, da Silva S, Sousa MC. Molecular characterization of Giardia lamblia: first report of assemblage B in human isolates from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). PLoS One. 2016; 11(8): e0160762.,7575. Faria CP, Zanini GM, Dias GS, da Silva S, Sousa MDC. New multilocus genotypes of Giardia lamblia human isolates. Infect Genet Evol. 2017; 54: 128-37. |
E88. Fantinatti M, Bello AR, Fernandes O, Da-Cruz AM. Identification of Giardia lamblia assemblage E in humans points to a new anthropozoonotic cycle. J Infect Dis. 2016; 214(8): 1256-9. |
Dog |
A2828. Volotão AC, Costa-Macedo LM, Haddad FS, Brandão A, Peralta JM, Fernandes O. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from human and animal samples from Brazil using beta-giardin gene: a phylogenetic analysis. Acta Trop. 2007; 102(1): 10-9.,8383. Fantinatti M, Caseca AC, Bello AR, Fernandes O, Da-Cruz AM. The presence of Giardia lamblia assemblage A in dogs suggests an anthropozoonotic cycle of the parasite in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Infect Genet Evol. 2018; 65: 265-9. |
Cat |
A2828. Volotão AC, Costa-Macedo LM, Haddad FS, Brandão A, Peralta JM, Fernandes O. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from human and animal samples from Brazil using beta-giardin gene: a phylogenetic analysis. Acta Trop. 2007; 102(1): 10-9. |
São Paulo |
Human |
A4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64.,6969. Volotão AC, Ramos NM, Fantinatti M, Moraes MV, Netto HA, Storti-Melo LM, et al. Giardiasis as zoonosis: between proof of principle and paradigm in the Northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2011; 15(4): 382-3.,7171. David ÉB, Guimarães S, de Oliveira AP, de Oliveira-Sequeira TCG, Bittencourt GN, Nardi ARM, et al. Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoa in two poor communities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 103.,7373. Oliveira-Arbex AP, David EB, Oliveira-Sequeira TC, Bittencourt GN, Guimarães S. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates in asymptomatic children attending daycare centre: evidence of high risk for anthroponotic transmission. Epidemiol Infect. 2016; 144(7): 1418-28.,7878. Corrêa CRT, Oliveira-Arbex AP, David ÉB, Guimarães S. Genetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from children of low-income families living in an economically successful region in southeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2020; 62: e20. |
B4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64.,7171. David ÉB, Guimarães S, de Oliveira AP, de Oliveira-Sequeira TCG, Bittencourt GN, Nardi ARM, et al. Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoa in two poor communities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 103.,7373. Oliveira-Arbex AP, David EB, Oliveira-Sequeira TC, Bittencourt GN, Guimarães S. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates in asymptomatic children attending daycare centre: evidence of high risk for anthroponotic transmission. Epidemiol Infect. 2016; 144(7): 1418-28.,7878. Corrêa CRT, Oliveira-Arbex AP, David ÉB, Guimarães S. Genetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from children of low-income families living in an economically successful region in southeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2020; 62: e20. |
C4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489. |
Dog |
A4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,6969. Volotão AC, Ramos NM, Fantinatti M, Moraes MV, Netto HA, Storti-Melo LM, et al. Giardiasis as zoonosis: between proof of principle and paradigm in the Northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis. 2011; 15(4): 382-3.,7171. David ÉB, Guimarães S, de Oliveira AP, de Oliveira-Sequeira TCG, Bittencourt GN, Nardi ARM, et al. Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoa in two poor communities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 103. |
B4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489. |
C4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,4747. Paz e Silva FM, Monobe MM, Lopes RS, Araujo Jr JP. Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in dogs from Brazil. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(1): 325-34.,6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64.,7171. David ÉB, Guimarães S, de Oliveira AP, de Oliveira-Sequeira TCG, Bittencourt GN, Nardi ARM, et al. Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoa in two poor communities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 103. |
D4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,4747. Paz e Silva FM, Monobe MM, Lopes RS, Araujo Jr JP. Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in dogs from Brazil. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(1): 325-34.,6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64.,7171. David ÉB, Guimarães S, de Oliveira AP, de Oliveira-Sequeira TCG, Bittencourt GN, Nardi ARM, et al. Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoa in two poor communities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Parasit Vectors. 2015; 8: 103. |
Cat |
A4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64. |
B4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489. |
D4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489. |
F6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64. |
Buffalo |
E6060. de Aquino MCC, Harvey TV, Inácio SV, Nagata WB, Ferrari ED, Oliveira BCM, et al. First description of Giardia duodenalis in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) in southwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2019; 16: e00062. |
Cattle |
A4040. Paz e Silva FM, Lopes RS, Araújo Jr JP. Genetic characterisation of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Brazil. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2012; 59(1): 15-20.,4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64. |
E4040. Paz e Silva FM, Lopes RS, Araújo Jr JP. Genetic characterisation of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Brazil. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2012; 59(1): 15-20.,4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,6767. Souza SL, Gennari SM, Richtzenhain LJ, Pena HF, Funada MR, Cortez A, et al. Molecular identification of Giardia duodenalis isolates from humans, dogs, cats and cattle from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, by sequence analysis of fragments of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) coding gene. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 149(3-4): 258-64. |
Sheep |
E5050. Paz e Silva FM, Lopes RS, Bresciani KD, Amarante AF, Araujo Jr JP. High occurrence of Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and Giardia duodenalis genotype E in sheep from Brazil. Acta Parasitol. 2014; 59(1): 193-6. |
Nonhuman primates |
A8585. David ÉB, Patti M, Coradi ST, Oliveira-Sequeira TC, Ribolla PE, Guimarães S. Molecular typing of Giardia duodenalis isolates from nonhuman primates housed in a Brazilian zoo. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2014; 56(1): 49-54. |
Oyster |
A5858. Leal DAG, Souza DSM, Caumo KS, Fongaro G, Panatieri LF, Durigan M, et al. Genotypic characterization and assessment of infectivity of human waterborne pathogens recovered from oysters and estuarine waters in Brazil. Water Res. 2018; 137: 273-80. |
Water and/or Sewage |
A4444. Ulloa-Stanojlovic FM, Aguiar B, Jara LM, Sato MI, Guerrero JA, Hachich E, et al. Occurrence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. in wastewater samples from São Paulo State, Brazil, and Lima, Peru. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016; 23(21): 22197-205.,4545. de Araújo RS, Aguiar B, Dropa M, Razzolini MTP, Sato MIZ, Lauretto MS, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia assemblages in two watersheds in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018; 25(15): 15191-203.,5757. Fernandes LN, de Souza PP, de Araújo RS, Razzolini MT, Soares RM, Sato MI, et al. Detection of assemblages A and B of Giardia duodenalis in water and sewage from São Paulo State, Brazil. J Water Health. 2011; 9(2): 361-7.,5858. Leal DAG, Souza DSM, Caumo KS, Fongaro G, Panatieri LF, Durigan M, et al. Genotypic characterization and assessment of infectivity of human waterborne pathogens recovered from oysters and estuarine waters in Brazil. Water Res. 2018; 137: 273-80.,5959. Yamashiro S, Foco MLR, Pineda CO, José J, Nour EAA, Siqueira-Castro ICV, et al. Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. removal efficiency of a combined fixed-film system treating domestic wastewater receiving hospital effluent. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019; 26(22): 22756-71.,6161. Pineda CO, Leal DAG, Fiuza VRDS, Jose J, Borelli G, Durigan M, et al. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in outdoor swimming pools in Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health. 2020; 67(7): 785-95. |
B5757. Fernandes LN, de Souza PP, de Araújo RS, Razzolini MT, Soares RM, Sato MI, et al. Detection of assemblages A and B of Giardia duodenalis in water and sewage from São Paulo State, Brazil. J Water Health. 2011; 9(2): 361-7.,5959. Yamashiro S, Foco MLR, Pineda CO, José J, Nour EAA, Siqueira-Castro ICV, et al. Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. removal efficiency of a combined fixed-film system treating domestic wastewater receiving hospital effluent. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019; 26(22): 22756-71.,4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489.,4444. Ulloa-Stanojlovic FM, Aguiar B, Jara LM, Sato MI, Guerrero JA, Hachich E, et al. Occurrence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. in wastewater samples from São Paulo State, Brazil, and Lima, Peru. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016; 23(21): 22197-205. |
C5858. Leal DAG, Souza DSM, Caumo KS, Fongaro G, Panatieri LF, Durigan M, et al. Genotypic characterization and assessment of infectivity of human waterborne pathogens recovered from oysters and estuarine waters in Brazil. Water Res. 2018; 137: 273-80.,5959. Yamashiro S, Foco MLR, Pineda CO, José J, Nour EAA, Siqueira-Castro ICV, et al. Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. removal efficiency of a combined fixed-film system treating domestic wastewater receiving hospital effluent. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019; 26(22): 22756-71. |
D4242. Durigan M, Abreu AG, Zucchi MI, Franco RM, de Souza AP. Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis: multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil. PLoS One. 2014; 9(12): e115489. |
Paraná |
Human |
A4848. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, Gomes ML. Food handlers as a link in the chain of transmission of Giardia duodenalis and other protozoa in public schools in southern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015; 109(9): 601-3.,4949. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Bignotto TS, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, et al. Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0118065.,7777. Seguí R, Muñoz-Antoli C, Klisiowicz DR, Oishi CY, Köster PC, de Lucio A, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11(1): 490. |
B4848. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, Gomes ML. Food handlers as a link in the chain of transmission of Giardia duodenalis and other protozoa in public schools in southern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015; 109(9): 601-3.,4949. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Bignotto TS, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, et al. Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0118065.,7777. Seguí R, Muñoz-Antoli C, Klisiowicz DR, Oishi CY, Köster PC, de Lucio A, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp., in the Paranaguá Bay, Brazil: a community survey. Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11(1): 490. |
Dog |
B4949. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Bignotto TS, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, et al. Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0118065. |
C4949. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Bignotto TS, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, et al. Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0118065. |
D4949. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Bignotto TS, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, et al. Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0118065. |
Vegetable |
A5151. Rafael K, Marchioro AA, Colli CM, Tiyo BT, Evangelista FF, Bezagio RC, et al. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in vegetables cultivated with organic and chemical fertilizer from street markets and community vegetable gardens in a region of Southern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2017; 111(12): 540-5.,6262. Tiyo R, de Souza CZ, Piovesani AFA, Tiyo BT, Colli CM, Marchioro AA, et al. Predominance of Giardia duodenalis assemblage AII in fresh leafy vegetables from a market in southern Brazil. J Food Prot. 2016; 79(6): 1036-9. |
B4949. Colli CM, Bezagio RC, Nishi L, Bignotto TS, Ferreira ÉC, Falavigna-Guilherme AL, et al. Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0118065.,5151. Rafael K, Marchioro AA, Colli CM, Tiyo BT, Evangelista FF, Bezagio RC, et al. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in vegetables cultivated with organic and chemical fertilizer from street markets and community vegetable gardens in a region of Southern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2017; 111(12): 540-5. |
E4141. Ferreira FP, Caldart ET, Freire RL, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Freitas FM, Miura AC, et al. The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2018; 27(3): 327-37.,5151. Rafael K, Marchioro AA, Colli CM, Tiyo BT, Evangelista FF, Bezagio RC, et al. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in vegetables cultivated with organic and chemical fertilizer from street markets and community vegetable gardens in a region of Southern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2017; 111(12): 540-5. |
Water |
E4141. Ferreira FP, Caldart ET, Freire RL, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Freitas FM, Miura AC, et al. The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2018; 27(3): 327-37. |
Soil |
E4141. Ferreira FP, Caldart ET, Freire RL, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Freitas FM, Miura AC, et al. The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2018; 27(3): 327-37. |
Santa Catarina |
Human |
A5252. Quadros RM, Weiss PH, Marques SM, Miletti LC. Potential cross-contamination of similar Giardia duodenalis assemblage in children and pet dogs in southern Brazil, as determined by PCR-RFLP. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2016; 58: 66. |
B5252. Quadros RM, Weiss PH, Marques SM, Miletti LC. Potential cross-contamination of similar Giardia duodenalis assemblage in children and pet dogs in southern Brazil, as determined by PCR-RFLP. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2016; 58: 66. |
Dog |
A5252. Quadros RM, Weiss PH, Marques SM, Miletti LC. Potential cross-contamination of similar Giardia duodenalis assemblage in children and pet dogs in southern Brazil, as determined by PCR-RFLP. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2016; 58: 66. |
B5252. Quadros RM, Weiss PH, Marques SM, Miletti LC. Potential cross-contamination of similar Giardia duodenalis assemblage in children and pet dogs in southern Brazil, as determined by PCR-RFLP. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2016; 58: 66. |
C5252. Quadros RM, Weiss PH, Marques SM, Miletti LC. Potential cross-contamination of similar Giardia duodenalis assemblage in children and pet dogs in southern Brazil, as determined by PCR-RFLP. Rev Inst Med Trop São Paulo. 2016; 58: 66. |
Nonhuman primates |
A3131. Volotão AC, Júnior JC, Grassini C, Peralta JM, Fernandes O. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from southern brown howler monkeys (Alouatta clamitans) from Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 158(1-2): 133-7. |
Uninformed |
Jaguar |
A3232. Soares RM, de Souza SL, Silveira LH, Funada MR, Richtzenhain LJ, Gennari SM. Genotyping of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis from exotic and wild animals kept in captivity in Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 180(3-4): 344-8. |
Monkey |
B3232. Soares RM, de Souza SL, Silveira LH, Funada MR, Richtzenhain LJ, Gennari SM. Genotyping of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis from exotic and wild animals kept in captivity in Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 180(3-4): 344-8. |
Chinchilla |
B3232. Soares RM, de Souza SL, Silveira LH, Funada MR, Richtzenhain LJ, Gennari SM. Genotyping of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis from exotic and wild animals kept in captivity in Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 180(3-4): 344-8. |
Ostriches |
B3232. Soares RM, de Souza SL, Silveira LH, Funada MR, Richtzenhain LJ, Gennari SM. Genotyping of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis from exotic and wild animals kept in captivity in Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 180(3-4): 344-8. |