Genetic basis of triatomine behavior: lessons from available
          insect genomes

Latorre-Estivalis, Jose Manuel; Lazzari, Claudio Ricardo; Guarneri, Alessandra Aparecida; Mota, Theo; Omondi, Bonaventure Aman; Lorenzo, Marcelo Gustavo

doi:10.1590/0074-0276130454

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Articles • Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 108 (suppl 1) • 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130454 copy

Genetic basis of triatomine behavior: lessons from available insect genomes

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Triatomines have been important model organisms for behavioural research. Diverse reports about triatomine host search, pheromone communication in the sexual, shelter and alarm contexts, daily cycles of activity, refuge choice and behavioural plasticity have been published in the last two decades. In recent times, a variety of molecular genetics techniques has allowed researchers to investigate elaborate and complex questions about the genetic bases of the physiology of insects. This, together with the current characterisation of the genome sequence of Rhodnius prolixus allows the resurgence of this excellent insect physiology model in the omics era. In the present revision, we suggest that studying the molecular basis of behaviour and sensory ecology in triatomines will promote a deeper understanding of fundamental aspects of insect and, particularly, vector biology. This will allow uncovering unknown features of essential insect physiology questions for a hemimetabolous model organism, promoting more robust comparative studies of insect sensory function and cognition.

behaviour; sensory physiology; olfaction; genes; triatomines

Protein family	Physiological function reported	Insect model	Genes	References
Odourant receptors	Host detection	Anopheles gambiae,Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus	Diverse	Hallem et al. (2004), Bohbot et al. (2007), Syed and Leal (2009)
	Oviposition site detection	Cx. quinquefasciatus	CqOr2	Pelletier et al. (2010)
	Pheromone detection	Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori and Drosophila melanogaster	Diverse	Sakurai et al. (2004), Benton et al. (2007), Patch et al. (2009)
	Repellent detection	Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster	AaOr2, AaOr7,AaOr8 and DmOr59b	Ditzen et al. (2008), Bohbot et al. (2011)

Ionotropic receptors	Detection of volatile amines and acids	D. melanogaster	Diverse	Benton et al. (2009), Silbering et al. (2011)

Gustatory receptors	CO ₂ detection	An. gambiae and D. melanogaster	DmGr21a, DmGr63a,AgGr22, AgGr23 and AgGr24	Jones et al. (2007), Lu et al. (2007)
	Bitter compound detection	D. melanogaster	DmG66a, DmGr22e,Dm93a and DmGr33a	Thorne et al. (2004), Moon et al. (2006)
	Sugar detection	B. mori and D. melanogaster	BmGr9, DmGr5a,DmGr64a, DmGr64f and DmGr61a	Dahanukar et al. (2001), Thorne et al. (2004), Sato et al. (2011)
	Pheromone detection	D. melanogaster	DmGr68a, DmGr32a and DmGr33a	Bray and Amrein (2003), Miyamoto and Amrein (2008), Montell (2009)

Transient receptor potential (TRP)	Visual transduction	D. melanogaster	TRP, TRP-ϒ and TRPL	Hardie and Minke (1992), Xu et al. (2000)
	Cool avoidance	D. melanogaster	TRP and TRPL	Rosenzweig et al. (2008)
	Mechanotransducer-proprioception	D. melanogaster	nompC	Walker et al. (2000), Yan et al. (2013)
	Thermal sensitivity	An. gambiae and D. melanogaster	TRPA1, painless and pyrexia	Tracey Jr et al. (2003), Lee et al. (2005), Wang et al. (2009)
	Thermal preference	D. melanogaster	TRPA1	Hamada et al. (2008)
	Electrophile sensitivity	An. gambiae and D. melanogaster	TRPA1	Kim et al. (2010), Kwon et al. (2010)
	Thermal/chemical sensor	Apis mellifera	TRPA1	Kohno et al. (2010)
	High-temperature nociception	D. melanogaster	TRPA1 and painless	Tracey Jr et al. (2003), Xu et al. (2006)
	Courtship behaviour	D. melanogaster	painless	Sakai et al. (2009)
	Hygroreception	D. melanogaster	nanchung and water witch	Liu et al. (2007)

Mechanically activated cation channel	Mechanical nociception	D. melanogaster	piezo	Coste et al. (2010)

Degenerin/ epithelial sodium channel/ pickpocket (ppk)	Water detection	D. melanogaster	ppk28	Cameron et al. (2010), Chen et al. (2010)
	Courtship behaviour	D. melanogaster	ppk23 and ppk29	Hasemeyer et al. (2009)
	Salt detection	D. melanogaster	ppk11 and ppk19	Liu et al. (2003)

Others	Vision	A. mellifera and D. melanogaster	Rh1-Rh8 and AmUVOP	Townson et al. (1998), Yamaguchi et al. (2010)
	Foraging behaviour	Bombus terrestris,D. melanogaster and Schistocerca gregaria	foraging	Osborne et al. (1997), Ben-Shahar (2005), Lucas et al. (2010)
	Circadian clock control	D. melanogaster	clock, cycle,period and timeless	Sandrelli et al. (2008)
	Learning and memory	A. mellifera	stripe	Lutz and Robinson (2013)
	Learning and memory	D. melanogaster	CrebB	Yin et al. (1994)

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[1] + Corresponding author: marcelo@cpqrr.fiocruz.br